Fig. 1.

Snake venom PLA₂s possess high inhibitory activity against the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the Vero E6 cells. Vero E6 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 100 TCID₅₀ (50% tissue culture infectious dose) in the presence of PLA₂s at the indicated concentrations for 72 h. CPE inhibition was then measured by colorimetric assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). n = 3. a Influence of PLA₂s from different venoms on CPE of SARS-CoV-2. b Influence of HDP-2 and its subunits on CPE of SARS-CoV-2. c Dose–response curves for determination of half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values. Nonlinear regression was used to fit experimental points. d Arachidonic acid (AA) weakly inhibits the CPE of SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells. Vero E6 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 100 TCID50 in the presence of different concentrations of the AA for 72 h. CPE inhibition was then measured by colorimetric MTT assay. Results are representative of at least five biologically independent samples and shown as mean ± SD