Fig. 3.

Snake venom PLA₂s exhibit low cytotoxicity to Vero E6 cells. a Cytotoxicity data for all tested PLA₂s at 100 µg/ml. Data are mean ± SD from three independent experiments with two measurements. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was applied to assess statistically significant differences: **p˂0.01; ***p˂0.001; ****p˂0.0001; ^ns p > 0.05. b Flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle. Vero E6 cells treated with different PLA₂s at 100 µg/ml. After 72 h of incubation, cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), treated with HCl, stained with FITC-labeled anti-BrdU antibody and propidium iodide (PI), and analyzed by flow cytometry. Vero E6 treated with PBS were used as a control. Numbers show percentages of cells in S phase (upper) and G1 or G2 phase (lower) in each dot plot. Apo apoptotic cells