Table 2.
Effect of PFAS and maternal HFD on pup liver steatosis histopathology
| Scores | SD+Veh | HFD+Veh | SD+PFOA | HFD+PFOA | SD+PFOS | HFD+PFOS | SD+PFHxS | HFD+PFHxS | SD+PFAS mix | HFD+PFAS mix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| 0 | 4/7 | 0/8 | 5/8 | 1/8 | 4/8 | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 | 3/6 | 0/8 |
| 1 | 3/7 | 1/8 | 3/8 | 2/8 | 3/8 | 0/8 | 4/8 | 3/8 | 2/6 | 0/8 |
| 2 | 0/7 | 1/8 | 0/8 | 4/8 | 1/8 | 2/8 | 3/8 | 2/8 | 1/6 | 1/8 |
| 3 | 0/7 | 2/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 2/8 | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/6 | 3/8 |
| 4 | 0/7 | 4/8 | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 | 3/8 | 0/8 | 2/8 | 0/6 | 2/8 |
| 5 | 0/7 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/6 | 2/8 |
|
| ||||||||||
| ≥3 | 0/7 | 6/8 | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 | 6/8 | 0/8 | 3/8 | 0/6 | 7/8 |
| 0% | 75%* | 0% | 12.5%*¶ | 0% | 75%*¶ | 0% | 37.5%* | 0% | 87.5%*¶§ | |
Formalin fixed hepatic tissue sections were post-fixed with osmium tetroxide and stained via the periodic acid-Schiff dual-staining technique. The sections were scored for lipid accumulation via osmium positive small (microvesicular) lipid droplets throughout liver parenchyma (range from 0 to 5, where 0 is the least and 5 is most severe). Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test for multiple comparisons. N=6–8/treatment group.
p< 0.05 versus SD+Veh
p<0.05 versus HFD+Veh.
p<0.05 SD versus HFD within each treatment (i.e., SD+PFOA vs HFD+PFOA)
p<0.05 versus PFOA and PFAS mix within each diet (i.e., SD+PFOA vs SD+PFAS mix)
p<0.05 versus PFOS and PFAS mix within each diet (i.e., SD+PFOS vs SD+PFAS mix)
p<0.05 versus PFHxS and PFAS mix within each diet (i.e., SD+PFHxS vs SD+PFAS mix).