Table 2.
Prevalence of High Weight-for-Length Among Infants 3–23 Months of Age Enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity, 2010–2018
| 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2018 vs. 2010 | 2014 vs. 2010 | 2018 vs. 2014 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | No. | Crude prevalence % (SE) | No. | Crude prevalence % (SE) | No. | Crude prevalence % (SE) | No. | Crude prevalence % (SE) | No. | Crude prevalence % (SE) | APD,a % (95% CI) | APD,a % (95% CI) | APD,a % (95% CI) |
| Overall | 2,319,712 | 14.5 (0.02) | 2,277,422 | 13.1 (0.02) | 2,340,611 | 12.3 (0.02) | 2,345,567 | 12.3 (0.02) | 2,083,443 | 12.2 (0.02) | −1.8 (−1.9 to −1.8) | −1.9 (−2.0 to −1.8) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) |
| Age (months) | |||||||||||||
| 3–5 | 189,045 | 9.9 (0.07) | 178,192 | 8.6 (0.07) | 187,354 | 8.4 (0.06) | 210,888 | 8.7 (0.06) | 203,908 | 8.2 (0.06) | −2.0 (−2.1 to −1.8) | −1.6 (−1.8 to −1.4) | −0.4 (−0.5 to −0.2) |
| 6–11 | 525,316 | 12.4 (0.05) | 529,782 | 11.1 (0.04) | 620,714 | 11.0 (0.04) | 640,996 | 11.1 (0.04) | 583,767 | 10.9 (0.04) | −1.5 (−1.6 to −1.3) | −1.6 (−1.7 to −1.5) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) |
| 12–17 | 868,676 | 15.0 (0.04) | 883,792 | 13.5 (0.04) | 988,285 | 12.5 (0.03) | 966,233 | 12.6 (0.03) | 838,373 | 12.6 (0.04) | −2.0 (−2.1 to −1.9) | −2.1 (−2.2 to −2.0) | 0.1 (0.05 to 0.2) |
| 18–23 | 736,675 | 16.6 (0.04) | 685,656 | 15.4 (0.04) | 544,258 | 14.8 (0.05) | 527,450 | 14.8 (0.05) | 457,395 | 14.9 (0.05) | −1.8 (−1.9 to −1.7) | −1.9 (−2.0 to −1.7) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.3) |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Boys | 1,176,994 | 15.5 (0.03) | 1,158,070 | 14.1 (0.03) | 1,190,132 | 13.2 (0.03) | 1,192,499 | 13.2 (0.03) | 1,062,371 | 13.1 (0.03) | −2.0 (−2.1 to −1.9) | −2.0 (−2.1 to −1.9) | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) |
| Girls | 1,142,718 | 13.5 (0.03) | 1,119,352 | 12.2 (0.03) | 1,150,479 | 11.4 (0.03) | 1,153,068 | 11.4 (0.03) | 1,021,072 | 11.3 (0.03) | −1.7 (−1.8 to −1.6) | −1.8 (−1.8 to −1.7) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) |
| Race/ethnicityb | |||||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 748,889 | 12.1 (0.04) | 719,133 | 11.2 (0.04) | 730,586 | 11.0 (0.04) | 702,650 | 11.2 (0.04) | 616,781 | 11.0 (0.04) | −0.8 (−0.9 to −0.6) | −0.9 (−1.0 to −0.8) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 464,419 | 13.9 (0.05) | 469,092 | 12.7 (0.05) | 503,362 | 11.9 (0.05) | 523,183 | 11.9 (0.04) | 485,675 | 11.7 (0.05) | −1.8 (−2.0 to −1.7) | −1.7 (−1.8 to −1.6) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.0) |
| Hispanic | 970,555 | 17.0 (0.04) | 948,891 | 15.1 (0.04) | 968,864 | 13.8 (0.04) | 982,069 | 13.6 (0.03) | 853,982 | 13.7 (0.04) | −2.7 (−2.8 to −2.6) | −2.8 (−2.9 to −2.7) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 27,183 | 18.7 (0.24) | 28,308 | 17.5 (0.23) | 29,030 | 15.6 (0.21) | 28,741 | 16.6 (0.22) | 26,407 | 16.1 (0.23) | −1.9 (−2.5 to −1.3) | −2.6 (−3.3 to −2.0) | 0.7 (0.1 to 1.3) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 88,591 | 10.6 (0.10) | 94,925 | 9.5 (0.10) | 105,288 | 8.5 (0.09) | 107,581 | 8.6 (0.09) | 99,708 | 8.5 (0.09) | −1.9 (−2.2 to −1.6) | −2.0 (−2.2 to −1.7) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.3) |
Calculated as 100 times the marginal effect of year (2018 vs. 2010, 2014 vs. 2010, and 2018 vs. 2014) from logistic regression model controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The difference in adjusted prevalence weight-for-length across years was considered statistically significant if the 95% CI for APD did not include 0. A positive number means that the adjusted prevalence in the later year was higher than that in the earlier year and a negative number means the opposite.
The sample sizes in the race/ethnicity subgroups may not add to the total because of missing data.
APD, adjusted prevalence difference; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error.