Table 5.

Predictors of continuum of care across the maternal, newborn and child health care for women and children, India, NFHS-4, 2015–16

Background characteristics	Model I (N = 107,016)		Model II (N = 60,965)		Model III (N = 54,563)		Model IV (N = 46,736)
	ANC		ANC & ID		ANC & ID & PNC		ANC & ID & PNC & FI
	AOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI
Age groups (15–24 yrs.)®
25–29 yrs.	1	0.96–1.04	0.8c	0.71–0.91	1.05	0.97–1.14	1.08	1–1.16
30–34 yrs.	1	0.95–1.05	0.75c	0.64–0.87	1.02	0.92–1.12	1.07	0.99–1.17
35–39 yrs.	0.99	0.93–1.06	1.02	0.81–1.27	1.05	0.92–1.21	1.08	0.96–1.21
40–49 yrs.	0.98	0.88–1.09	0.69	0.5–0.95	1.1	0.87–1.39	1.05	0.87–1.28
Education (No)®
Primary	1.23c	1.16–1.3	0.98	0.83–1.16	0.93	0.82–1.05	1.14c	1.02–1.27
Secondary	1.62c	1.54–1.7	1.43c	1.23–1.65	1.01	0.91–1.12	1.46c	1.33–1.6
Higher	2.11c	1.96–2.27	2.18c	1.69–2.82	1.19a	1.03–1.37	1.54c	1.36–1.74
Caste (SC/ST)®
OBC	0.94a	0.9–0.98	1.2	1.05–1.37	0.92	0.84–1	1.02	0.94–1.09
Other	1.09c	1.03–1.15	1.08	0.93–1.26	0.92	0.84–1.02	1	0.92–1.09
Religion (Hindu)®
Muslim	1.02c	0.96–1.09	0.73c	0.61–0.86	1.1	0.97–1.23	0.72c	0.66–0.8
Other	0.96c	0.9–1.03	0.67c	0.57–0.79	1.22c	1.08–1.39	0.9c	0.82–1
Currently married (Yes)®
No	1.1	0.98–1.24	1.23	0.84–1.81	1.01	0.8–1.27	0.79a	0.65–0.96
Ever used FP method (No)®
Yes	1.2c	1.16–1.25	0.97	0.87–1.09	1.42c	1.33–1.53	1.47c	1.38–1.57
Wealth Index (Poorest)®
Poorer	1.37c	1.3–1.45	1.35c	1.14–1.59	1	0.88–1.13	0.94	0.84–1.06
Middle	1.7c	1.6–1.81	1.7c	1.42–2.04	1.11	0.97–1.27	1.02	0.9–1.15
Richer	2.06c	1.92–2.21	1.84c	1.5–2.25	1.16a	1.01–1.34	1.06	0.93–1.2
Richest	2.54c	2.35–2.76	2.47c	1.94–3.15	1.2a	1.02–1.4	1.34c	1.16–1.55
Place of residence (Urban)®
Rural	0.69c	0.66–0.74	0.87c	0.75–1	1.19c	1.08–1.31	1.15c	1.06–1.24
Had health insurance (No)®
Yes	1.42c	1.35–1.49	0.91	0.8–1.05	1.09c	1–1.19	1.33c	1.23–1.44
Mass media exposure (No)®
Low	1.48c	1.41–1.55	1.05	0.91–1.21	1.26c	1.14–1.39	1.2c	1.1–1.32
Medium	1.76c	1.65–1.87	1.14	0.95–1.37	1.53c	1.35–1.73	1.14c	1.02–1.27
High	1.93c	1.74–2.14	1.32	0.94–1.85	1.45c	1.2–1.74	1.09	0.93–1.27
Wanted pregnancy (Then)®
Later	0.85c	0.78–0.92	0.87	0.66–1.15	1.05	0.88–1.25	0.9	0.77–1.05
No more	0.62c	0.57–0.68	0.6c	0.47–0.76	0.81a	0.67–0.98	0.69c	0.59–0.82
Ever terminated pregnancy (No)®
Yes	1.14c	1.1–1.19	0.91	0.8–1.05	1.25c	1.14–1.37	0.97	0.9–1.04
Pregnancy complications (No)®
Yes	1.88c	1.82–1.95	1.09	0.98–1.23	1.68c	1.56–1.8	1.26c	1.18–1.34
Ever had a child who died (No)®
Yes	0.89c	0.84–0.94	0.76c	0.64–0.91	1.19a	1.03–1.36	0.93	0.83–1.05
Type of birth attendant (Doctor)®			1.17a	1.04–1.31
Nurse/ANM			0.25c	0.2–0.32	1.34c	1.25–1.44	1.17c	1.1–1.25
Other					2.28c	1.75–2.97	1.53c	1.24–1.88
C section delivery (No)®
Yes					3.11c	2.84–3.4	1.03	0.96–1.1
Sex of child (Male)®
Female					0.99	0.92–1.05	1.05c	0.99–1.11
Child age (12–23 month)®						–		–
24–47 month					0.93c	0.87–1	1.17c	1.1–1.24
48–59 month					0.91c	0.82–1	1.11b	1.02–1.21
ρ (Rho)	0.38	0.37–0.39	0.38	0.34–0.42	0.47	0.45–0.49	0.31	0.29–0.33

AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, ANC Antenatal care, ID Institutional delivery, PNC Post natal care, FI Full immunization

®: reference category; ^a, ^b, ^c refers to < 0.1, < 0.05, < 0.01 level of significance