Table 2.
Effect of smoking on different clinical parameters of oral cancer
| Tumor T status | Status of smoking | T3 + T4 | T1 + T2 | p value | Odds ratio |
95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 10 (26%) | 16 (47%) | Ref | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 28 (74%) | 18 (53%) | 0.11 | 2.48 | 0.92–6.68 |
| Lymph node involvement | N1 + N2 + N3 | N0 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 13 (23%) | 13 (52%) | Ref | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 44 (77%) | 12 (48%) | 0.01* | 3.66 | 1.34–9.95 |
| Metastasis | M1 | M0 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 05 (28%) | 21 (40%) | Ref | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 13 (72%) | 32 (60%) | 0.53 | 1.70 | 0.53–5.49 |
| Tumor stage | III + 1 V | I + II | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 19 (37%) | 07 (37%) | Ref | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 33 (63%) | 1263 (%) | 0.79 | 1.01 | 0.34–3.01 |
| Cell differentiated grade | > Grade 1 | Grade 1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 16 (39%) | 10 (33%) | Ref | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 25 (61%) | 20 (67%) | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.29–2.09 |
*Significant association is considered when p value is less than 0.05 and both bondries of 95% confidence interval are more than 1 in risk association and less than 1 in protective association