Table 2.
General and systemic clinical manifestations of patients
| Variable | Non-severe n (%) |
Severe n (%) |
p | Total n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 135 (71.1) | 55 (28.9) | 190 (100%) | |
| General manifestations | ||||
| Fever and associated features | ||||
| Fever | 135 (100) | 55 (100) | 190 (100%) | |
| Highest recorded temperature (F) | 103.3 ± 1.2 | 103.3 ± 1.3 | 0.895 | 103.3 ± 1.2 |
| Duration of fever (days) | 5.1 ± 2.0 | 6.2 ± 4.1 | 0.043 | 5.4 ± 2.8 |
| Lethargy | 101 (79.5) | 40 (75.5) | 0.547 | 141 (78.3) |
| Headache | 91 (69.5) | 35 (63.6) | 0.438 | 126 (67.7) |
| Backache | 52 (40.3) | 14 (27.5) | 0.107 | 66 (36.7) |
| Retroorbital pain | 44 (33.8) | 19 (35.8) | 0.796 | 63 (34.4) |
| Muco-cutaneous manifestations | ||||
| Itching | 44 (33.3) | 18 (32.7) | 0.936 | 62 (33.2) |
| Mouth sores | 31 (23.5) | 22 (40.0) | 0.022 | 53 (28.3) |
| Rash | 34 (25.4) | 18 (33.3) | 0.270 | 52 (27.7) |
| Joint manifestations | ||||
| Arthralgia | 54 (41.2) | 21 (39.6) | 0.842 | 75 (40.8) |
| Danger ‘signs’ | ||||
| Gastrointestinal features | ||||
| Vomiting | 107 (79.9) | 45 (81.8) | 0.757 | 152 (80.4) |
| Decreased appetite | 109 (80.7) | 42 (76.4) | 0.498 | 151 (79.5) |
| Constipation | 36 (72.5) | 38 (73.1) | 0.939 | 133 (72.7) |
| Abdominal Pain | 86 (64.7) | 36 (65.5) | 0.917 | 122 (64.9) |
| Loose motion | 61 (45.2) | 20 (37.0) | 0.307 | 81 (42.9) |
| Hemorrhagic manifestation | ||||
| Any Hemorrhage | 23 (18.4) | 19 (36.5) | 0.010 | 42 (23.7) |
| Nasal bleeding (Epistaxis) | 8 (5.9) | 4 (7.3) | 0.729 | 12 (6.3) |
| Malena | 3 (2.2) | 8 (14.5) | 0.001 | 11 (5.8) |
| Unusual manifestations | ||||
| Neurological symptoms | ||||
| Confusion | 28 (21.1) | 12 (22.2) | 0.860 | 40 (21.4) |
| Blurring of vision | 16 (12.0) | 12 (21.8) | 0.086 | 28 (14.9) |
| Others | ||||
| Palpitation | 11 (8.4) | 11 (20.4) | 0.022 | 22 (11.9) |
| Signs | ||||
| Anemia/Pallor | 18 (14.3) | 9 (17.0) | 0.646 | 27 (15.1) |
| Dehydration | 13 (10.4) | 8 (15.7) | 0.326 | 21 (11.9) |
| Features of plasma leakage and shock | ||||
| Clinical accumulation of fluid | 12 (9.3) | 17 (31.5) | < 0.001 | 29 (15.8) |
| Cold clammy skin | 48 (37.2) | 39 (72.2) | < 0.001 | 87 (47.5) |
| Excessive sweating | 52 (40.0) | 23 (42.6) | 0.745 | 75 (40.8) |
| Oliguria/Anuria | 27 (20.8) | 21 (39.6) | 0.009 | 48 (26.2) |
| Dyspnea | 17 (12.8) | 14 (25.9) | 0.028 | 31 (16.6) |
| Loss of/impaired consciousness | 3 (2.4) | 11 (20.4) | < 0.001 | 14 (7.7) |
Data is presented as mean ± SD and n (%) as appropriate; Percentage is expressed among available responses (after excluding missing values)
p value determined by chi-square test and independent samples t test as appropriate