Fig. 8.

(a) Schematic diagram of the focused ultrasound system (FUS)-mediated insulin delivery with nano-network formed by mixing oppositely charged NPs. The FUS triggers dissociation of nano-network to promote insulin release. (b) Subcutaneous injection of nano-network on day 0, FUS treatment was applied on day 2, day 4, day 7 and day 10 for 30 sec. The FUS treated mice and control group (without FUS) were recorded over time. (c) Three continuous FUS treatment cycles were applied on day 4 after the subcutaneous injection of nano-network into STZ-induced C57B6 diabetic mice. The blood glucose levels were recorded over time with solid lines indicating the administration window (5 min anaesthesia and 30-sec FUS treatment). (d) A continuous cycle of FUS treatment was applied once per day for ten days after the subcutaneous injection of chitosan microgel integrated with insulin-loaded PLGA nanocapsules into STZ-induced diabetic mice: one dose of microgel with FUS treatment (red line) or one dose of microgel without FUS treatment (black line) or PBS solution with FUS treatment (green line). (d). Reprinted from [108], [107] with permission from Springer Nature and Wiley. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)