Table 1.
Baseline (1992–1996) characteristics of participants according to urine albumin-creatinine ratio; the Rancho Bernardo Study (n=1,634)
| Women (n=993) | Men (n=641) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No albuminuria (n=876) | Albuminuria (n=117) | p-value | No albuminuria (n=557) | Albuminuria (n=84) | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 70.92 (10.66) | 78.49 (9.96) | <.001 | 70.89 (10.30) | 76.18 (8.87) | <0.001 |
| Some College | 577 (65.9) | 81 (69.2) | .29 | 479 (86.0) | 67 (79.8) | 0.27 |
| Exercise (≥3 times/week) | 618 (70.5) | 59 (50.4) | <.001 | 421 (75.6) | 63 (75.0) | 0.99 |
| Smoking Status | .75 | 0.61 | ||||
| Never | 423 (48.3) | 68 (58.1) | 191 (34.3) | 25 (29.8) | ||
| Past | 388 (44.3) | 37 (31.6) | 337 (60.5) | 54 (64.3) | ||
| Current | 65 (7.4) | 12 (10.3) | 29 (5.2) | 5 (6.0) | ||
| Daily Alcohol Drinking | 256 (29.2) | 27 (23.1) | .10 | 236 (42.4) | 28 (33.3) | 0.04 |
| History of MI | 38 (4.3) | 10 (8.5) | .49 | 55 (9.9) | 13 (15.5) | 0.38 |
| History of Stroke | 21 (2.4) | 9 (7.7) | .02 | 17 (3.1) | 7 (8.3) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes | 96 (11.0) | 29 (24.8) | .003 | 90 (16.2) | 20 (23.8) | 0.19 |
| Hypertension | 503 (57.4) | 99 (84.6) | <.001 | 316 (56.7) | 73 (86.9) | <0.001 |
| History of Kidney Disease | 8 (0.9) | 5 (4.3) | .01 | 5 (0.9) | 3 (3.6) | 0.03 |
| Lipid Lowering Drug | 81 (9.2) | 10 (8.5) | .66 | 64 (11.5) | 2 (2.4) | 0.03 |
| Antihypertensive Drug | 308 (35.2) | 72 (61.5) | <.001 | 208 (37.3) | 60 (71.4) | <0.001 |
| Antihyperuricemic Drug | 7 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | .26 | 14 (2.5) | 11 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| Estrogen Use | 404 (46.1) | 43 (36.7) | .74 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.78 (4.12) | 24.04 (4.82) | .41 | 26.27 (3.67) | 26.15 (3.70) | 0.46 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.29 (22.10) | 148.72 (25.39) | .003 | 133.62 (19.67) | 148.92 (22.73) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.49 (9.14) | 75.01 (11.35) | .08 | 77.20 (9.11) | 79.59 (9.85) | 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 64.32 (16.61) | 63.97 (18.34) | .79 | 48.77 (13.10) | 47.94 (15.98) | 0.18 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 128.23 (33.54) | 124.34 (34.82) | .42 | 125.12 (29.66) | 124.32 (38.66) | 0.68 |
| Hyperuricemia | 95 (10.8) | 29 (24.8) | .002 | 81 (14.5) | 18 (21.4) | 0.17 |
| CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min) | 152 (17.4) | 50 (42.7) | <.001 | 89 (16.0) | 34 (40.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 74.86 (16.41) | 66.10 (18.76) | .03 | 75.82 (14.52) | 64.56 (20.40) | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g)a | 11.96 (10.09) | 55.46 (85.37) | .001 | 5.95 (8.27) | 65.5 (159.60) | <0.001 |
| SUA (mg/dl) | 4.27 (1.31) | 5.00 (1.65) | <.001 | 5.38 (1.28) | 5.92 (1.47) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; BMI, Body Mass Index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SUA, serum uric acid
Albuminuria defined as ACR<30mg/g.
Values are shown as n (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables.
a
Median and interquartile range.