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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;83(1):319–331. doi: 10.3233/JAD-201605

Table 3.

Results of the longitudinal mixed-effects analyses of baseline hyperuricemia status with cognitive function; the Rancho Bernardo Study(n=1,634)

Women Men P for sex
Model β (S.E) p-value β (S.E) p-value interaction
MMSE
 Hyperuricemia Min 0.25 (0.19) .19 −0.70 (0.27) .009 b .001
 Time × Hyperuricemia Min −0.01 (0.03) .71 0.06 (0.04) .14 .07
 Hyperuricemia Full 0.16 (0.20) .43 −0.84 (0.27) .002 b .001
 Time × Hyperuricemia Full −0.01 (0.03) .62 0.05 (0.04) .15 .07
Trails B
 Hyperuricemia Min 5.57 (5.56) .32 1.98 (6.16) .75 .57
 Time × Hyperuricemia Min −0.02 (0.92) .98 0.83 (0.79) .30 .44
 Hyperuricemia Full 2.50 (6.00) .67 7.35 (6.18) .24 .85
 Time × Hyperuricemia Full 0.15 (0.92) .87 0.89 (0.79) .26 .49
Category fluency
 Hyperuricemia Min −0.26 (0.42) .54 −0.32 (0.59) .59 .89
 Time × Hyperuricemia Min 0.03 (0.06) .60 0.11 (0.07) .12 .42
 Hyperuricemia Full −0.10 (0.43) .82 −0.40 (0.60) .50 .79
 Time × Hyperuricemia Full 0.03 (0.06) .64 0.10 (0.07) .13 .41
Buschke total recall
 Hyperuricemia Min 2.92 (1.61) .07 1.80 (1.86) .33 .78
 Time × Hyperuricemia Min −0.30 (0.18) .11 −0.31 (0.21) .14 .96
 Hyperuricemia Full 2.68 (1.62) .11 1.32 (1.88) .48 .85
 Time × Hyperuricemia Full −0.29 (0.18) .12 −0.33 (0.20) .12 .89

Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; Trails B, Trail-Making Test B

“Hyperuricemia” term represents the association between hyperuricemia and cognitive test performance at baseline. “Time × Hyperuricemia” term represents the association between hyperuricemia on the rate of change in cognitive test performance.

Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA ≥ 6.8 mg/dl for men and SUA ≥ 6.0 mg/dl for women.

Minimal models (Min): Adjusted for baseline age, time2, and education.

Full models (Full): Added adjustment for BMI, smoking, daily alcohol intake, exercise 3 or more times per week, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, antihyperuricemic medication use, and lipid-lowering medication use.

b

q-value < 0.05