Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis.
| First author (Ref.) | Year | Country | Continent | Cancer | Stage* | Cancer category | Specimen | Age (median) | Therapy type | Sample size | NOS*** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | |||||||||||
| Que et al. (2013) | 2013 | China | Asia | PDAC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | NR | NR | 22 | 27 | 6 |
| Cazzoli et al. (2013) | 2013 | Italy | Europe | NSCL | I | RSC | Plasma | 70.5 | NR | 50 | 30 | 6 |
| Wang et al. (2014) | 2014 | China | Asia | LSCC | I–III | RSC | Serum | 59 | SURG | 52 | 49 | 7 |
| Madhavan et al. (2015) | 2014 | Germany | Europe | PDAC | III–IV | DSC | Serum | 64.8 | NR | 131 | 30 | 8 |
| Ogata-Kawata et al. (2014) | 2014 | Spain | Europe | CRC | II–IV | DSC | Serum | NR | SURG | 88 | 11 | 6 |
| Matsumura et al. (2015) | 2015 | Japan | Asia | CRC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | 65 | SURG | 209 | 16 | 7 |
| Melo et al. (2015) | 2015 | Germany | Europe | BC | I–IV | ESC | Serum | NR | NR | 32 | 100 | 7 |
| Butz et al. (2016) | 2015 | Canada | America | RCC | NA | USC | Urine | NR | NR | 109 | 51 | 6 |
| Chiam et al. (2015) | 2015 | Australia | Europe | ESCC | III–IV | DSC | Serum | 59.5 | SURG + CT + RT | 18 | 29 | 8 |
| Zhou et al. (2017) | 2016 | China | Asia | NSCL | I–IV | RSC | Plasma | 60 | NR | 141 | 124 | 5 |
| Bryzgunova et al. (2016) | 2016 | Russian | Asia | PDAC | III | DSC | Urine | 72 | SURG | 14 | 20 | 6 |
| Samsonov et al. (2016) | 2016 | Russian | Asia | PC | I–III | USC | Urine | 65 | SURG + CT | 35 | 35 | 6 |
| Liu et al. (2016) | 2016 | USA | America | CRC | II–III | DSC | Serum | 57 | SURG | 57 | 27 | 8 |
| Zhang et al. (2018) | 2016 | China | Asia | RCC | I–III | USC | Serum | 41 | NR | 82 | 80 | 8 |
| Meng et al. (2016) | 2016 | Germany | Europe | EOC | I–IV | ESC | Serum | 60 | SURG + CT | 163 | 20 | 9 |
| Liu et al. (2017) | 2016 | China | Asia | NSCL | I–IV | RSC | Plasma | 54.5 | SURG + CT + RT | 196 | 21 | 6 |
| Machida et al. (2016) | 2016 | Japan | Asia | HCC | I–IV | DSC | Saliva | 65 | NR | 12 | 13 | 6 |
| Sandfeld-Paulsen et al. (2016) | 2016 | Denmark | Europe | NSCL | I–IV | RSC | Plasma | 68.6 | NR | 107 | 54 | 7 |
| Lea et al. (2017) | 2017 | USA | America | EOC | II–III | ESC | Plasma | NR | NR | 34 | 10 | 8 |
| Qu et al. (2017) | 2017 | China | Asia | HCC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | 54.3 | SURG | 30 | 10 | 7 |
| Lan et al. (2018) | 2017 | China | Asia | GBM | I–IV | NSC | Serum | 46.2 | SURG | 60 | 43 | 8 |
| Wang et al. (2017) | 2017 | China | Asia | ESCC | NA | DSC | Serum | 60.8 | NR | 20 | 20 | 8 |
| Skotland et al. (2017) | 2017 | Norway | Europe | PC | NA | ESC | Urine | NR | NR | 15 | 13 | 6 |
| Rodriguez et al. (2017) | 2017 | Norway | Europe | PDAC | I–III | DSC | Urine | 67.2 | CT** | 28 | 19 | 5 |
| Lai et al. (2017) | 2017 | USA | America | PDAC | NA | DSC | Plasma | NA | NA | 3 | 6 | 7 |
| Jin et al. (2017) | 2017 | China | Asia | NSCL | I | RSC | Plasma | 61.3 | NA | 47 | 13 | 6 |
| Yan et al. (2017) | 2017 | China | Asia | CRC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | 58.6 | CT | 192 | 39 | 8 |
| Shi et al. (2018) | 2017 | China | Asia | HCC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | 65.7 | SURG | 126 | 21 | 7 |
| Shiromizu et al. (2017) | 2017 | Japan | Asia | CRC | I | DSC | Serum | NR | NR | 107 | 54 | 8 |
| Arbelaiz et al. (2017) | 2017 | Spain | Europe | HCC | NA | DSC | Serum | 64.3 | SURG + CT | 43 | 32 | 7 |
| Tsukamoto et al. (2017) | 2017 | Japan | Asia | CRC | I–IV | DSC | Plasma | NA | NR | 326 | 30 | 6 |
| Xu et al. (2017) | 2017 | China | Asia | PC | I–IV | USC | Urine | 69.45 | NA | 60 | 61 | 7 |
| Yan et al. (2018a) | 2018 | China | Asia | CRC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | 58.6 | CT | 168 | 20 | 6 |
| Goto et al. (2018) | 2018 | Japan | Asia | PDAC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | 64.1 | SURG + CT + RT | 32 | 22 | 7 |
| Pan et al. (2018) | 2018 | Germany | Europe | EOC | I–IV | ESC | Plasma | 60.3 | SURG + CT | 106 | 29 | 7 |
| Wang et al. (2018) | 2018 | China | Asia | RCC | I–IV | USC | Serum | 50.7 | SURG | 45 | 30 | 9 |
| Yan et al. (2018b) | 2018 | China | Asia | CRC | I–IV | DSC | Serum | 59.6 | SURG + CT + RT | 142 | 40 | 6 |
| Kanaoka et al. (2018) | 2018 | Japan | Asia | NSCL | I–III | RSC | Plasma | 72.5 | SURG | 285 | 24 | 7 |
| Takahasi et al. (2018) | 2018 | Japan | Asia | PDAC | I–II | DSC | Plasma | NA | NR | 50 | 20 | 7 |
| Xu et al. (2019) | 2019 | China | Asia | NSCL | II–IV | RSC | Plasma | 65.6 | SURG + CT | 43 | 20 | 7 |
| Yu et al. (2019) | 2019 | China | Asia | GBM | I–IV | NSC | Serum | 65.6 | CT | 12 | 32 | 8 |
| Sakaue et al. (2019) | 2019 | Japan | Asia | PDAC | NA | DSC | Ascites | 66.9 | CT | 19 | 49 | 8 |
NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; LSCC, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PC, prostate cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer; BC, breast cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; EOC, epithelial ovarian cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; GBM, glioblastoma; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; RSC, respiratory system cancer; NSC, neuron system cancer; DSC, digestive system cancer; ESC, endocrine system cancer; USC, urinary system cancer; NR, not reported; NA, not available and/or not measurable; SURG, surgery; CT, chemotherapy; RT; Radiotherapy; NOS, the newcastle-ottawa scale.
Malignant tumors classified according the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy are categorized as chemotherapy.
The specific item information of NOS is available from http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp.