Figure 6:
The process of a fractured bone healing is controlled by properties of osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis. Bone graft materials are osteoconductive to allow angiogenesis and cell growth to occur. Then by osteoinduction, recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells occurs. Then osteogenesis releases growth factors to help form new bone. Other important aspects of bone healing include vascularity as adequate blood supply is needed for healing and mechanical stability. Reprinted from [41] with permission from Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).