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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 29.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021 May 12;3(4):100393. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100393

TABLE 3.

Fifteen most statistically significant exogenous compounds differing between preterm birth cases and term controls

Structure PubChem CID Description Fold change Direction of change for preterm birth cases P value
4-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy)phenyl-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one 68,254,945 Plants: bark of Machilus wangchiana 1.28 Increased .0002
Avocadyne 3,015,189 Food: avocado 1.72 Decreased .0004
(−)-Fumigaclavine B 12,309,937 Microbe: bacterial metabolite Mycotoxin from Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus arrhizus 2.38 Increased .0004
Paracetamol sulfate 83,939 Drug: acetaminophen (sulfate metabolite formed in liver) 2.68 Increased .0006
(S)-Annocherine A 22,297,560 Food: fruits 2.35 Increased .001
Nigragillin 15,939,563 Microbe: fungal metabolite Aspergillus niger group, black mold 1.87 Increased .002
Camelledionol 131,751,856 Food: fats and oils 2.13 Increased .002
Tigecycline 54,686,904 Glycylcycline antibiotics 1.35 Increased .002
(E)-2-Octenal 16,900 Food: flavoring ingredients 1.33 Increased .002
Piperidine 8082 Food: barley, black pepper 1.36 Increased .002
Diosgenin 99,474 Food: yam 1.42 Decreased .003
(3R,3′R,6′R,9-cis) β, epsilon-carotene-3,3′-diol 53,477,744 aka lutein, food-derived pigment chemical commonly detected in human blood 1.99 Decreased .003
Phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate 95,075 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative 2.87 Increased .005
(+)-Broussonetine P 10,472,623 Plant metabolite 1.52 Decreased .005
Canthaxanthin 5,281,227 Natural food metabolite 2.06 Decreased .007

CID, Compound identification number.