Table 5.

Clinical benefit of adjuvant therapy vs. observation or placebo (control) across tumor types: data from meta-analyses, pooled studies and large, controlled trials.

Tumor type	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) vs. control
	Disease-free survival	Overall survival
NSCLC
Cisplatin-based CT (ALPI)
Median follow-up 64.5 months21	0.89 (0.76–1.03); p = 0.128	0.96 (0.81–1.13); p = 0.589
Cisplatin-based CT (IALT; n = 1867)22
Median follow-up 56 months22	0.83 (0.74–0.94); p < 0.003	0.86 (0.76–0.98); p < 0.03
Median follow-up 7.5 years25	0.88 (0.78–0.98); p = 0.02	0.91 (0.81–1.02); p = 0.10
Cisplatin + vinorelbine (JBR.10)23	0.60; p < 0.001	0.69; p = 0.04
Median follow-up 9.3 years26		0.78 (0.61–0.99); p = 0.04
Cisplatin + vinorelbine (ANITA)24		0.80 (0.66–0.96); p = 0.017
Cisplatin-based CT meta-analysis (LACE; n = 4584)192	0.84 (0.78–0.91); p < 0.001	0.89 (0.82–0.96); p = 0.005
Colon
5FU/LV (IMPACT)30	0.67 (0.56–0.80); p < 0.0001	0.77 (0.62–0.96); p = 0.018
Stage II onlya	0.84 (0.62–1.12)	0.91 (0.63–1.34)
Stage III onlya	0.55 (0.44–0.70)	0.70 (0.53–0.92)
5FU/LV (IMPACT) stage B2 onlyb,49	0.88 (0.72–1.07)	0.86 (0.68–1.07)
5FU/LV (QUASAR) stage 233	0.78 (0.67–0.91) p = 0.001	0.82 (0.70–0.95) p = 0.008
5FU/LV (ACCENT)156	0.61 (estimated years 1–2)	0.74 (estimated over 8 years)
Soft tissue sarcoma
Meta-analysis of doxorubicin-based regimens (14 trials)95	0.75 (0.64–0.87); p = 0.0001	0.89 (0.76–1.03); p = 0.12
Meta-analysis of doxorubicin-based regimens (18 trials)96
Doxorubicin alone		0.84 (0.68–1.03); p = 0.09
Doxorubicin + ifosfamide		0.56 (0.36–0.85); p = 0.01
Melanoma
IFN-α meta-analysis (all doses)107	0.83 (0.77–0.90); p = 0.000003	0.93 (0.85–1.02); p = NS
IFN-α individual patient data meta-analysis (all doses)106	0.87 (0.81–0.93); p = 0.00006	0.90 (0.84–0.97); p = 0.008
High-dose IFN-α (pooled data 4 studies)107	0.74	0.86 (0.74–1.00); p = 0.05
IFN-α105	0.82 (0.77–0.87); p < 0.001	0.89 (0.83–0.96); p = 0.002
PEG-IFN-α2b (EORTC 18991; n = 1256)108	0.82 (0.71–0.96); p = 0.01	0.98 (0.82–1.16); p = 0.78
7.6 year follow up109	0.87 (0.76–1.00); p = 0.05	0.96 (0.82–1.11); p = 0.57
Breast
Single-agent CT meta-analysis116	0.86c (0.04); 2p = 0.001	0.96c (0.05); 2p>0.1
PolyCT meta-analysis116	0.77c (0.02); 2p < 0.00001	0.83c (0.02); 2p < 0.00001
Anthracycline-based CT 10-year meta-analysis117	0.73d (0.68–0.79); 2p < 0.00001	0.84d (0.78–0.91); 2p < 0.00001
CMF-based CT 10-year meta-analysis117	0.70d (0.63–0.77); 2p < 0.00001	0.84d (0.76–0.93); 2p = 0.0004
Tamoxifen 1–2 years meta-analysis (ER-positive patients)116	0.74c (0.02)	0.82c (0.03)
Tamoxifen ~5-years meta-analysis (ER-positive patients)116	0.59c (0.03)	0.66c (0.04)

CMF, cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil; CT, chemotherapy; ER, estrogen receptor; 5FU/LV, 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin; IFN-α, interferon-α; PEG-IFN-α2b, pegylated interferon-α2b.

^aUnadjusted data.

^bAdjusted for age and grade.

^cAnnual event ratio (treatment vs. control) and standard error.

^dEvent rate ratio and 95% confidence interval (treatment vs. control).