Table 3.
Management and Outcomes of LVAD Patients Who Developed COVID-19
| Number (%) n = 28 | |
|---|---|
| Total hospitalized, n | 24 (86) |
| Supplemental oxygen | 11 (39) |
| Maximum amount of respiratory support | |
| Nasal cannula | 4 (14) |
| High-flow nasal cannula, NIPPV, or nonrebreather | 2 (7) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 5 (18) |
| Vasopressor support | 4 (14) |
| Renal replacement therapy* | 2 (7) |
| Complications | |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 8 (29) |
| GI bleeding requiring blood transfusion | 5 (18) |
| Cardiac arrest | 5 (18) |
| Pump hemolysis | 2 (7) |
| New stroke | 0 |
| COVID-19-specific therapies | |
| Treatment dose anticoagulation | 14 (50) |
| Remdesevir | 11 (39) |
| Systemic glucocorticosteroid | 9 (32) |
| Natural supplements† | 6 (21) |
| Azithromycin | 3 (11) |
| Tocilizumab | 2 (7) |
| Convalescent plasma | 1 (4) |
| Outcomes | |
| Total, n | 28 |
| Outpatient management | 4 (14) |
| Overall hospitalized | 24 (86) |
| ICU admission | 13 (46) |
| Hospital length of stay in days, median (IQR) | 8 (4-13) |
| Overall discharged (n = 24) | 19 (79) |
| Readmission within 30 days | 6 (25) |
| Overall survival (at end of follow up) | 19 (68) |
| Survival in hospitalized patients (n = 24) | 19 (79) |
| Survival in ICU patients (n = 13) | 6 (46) |
*Not including long-term dialysis.
†Natural supplements include vitamins B12, C, D, and zinc.
ICU, intensive care unit; NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.