Table 4. The Chi-square test result to show the association between the categorical risk factors such as age, gender, race and prevalence of fluoride dental treatment based on 2016-2019 NSCH data for the second survey question “During the past 12 months, what preventive dental services did this child receive: fluoride treatment, age 1-17 years?”.
NHW: Non-Hispanic White; NHB: Non-Hispanic Black; NHA: Non-Hispanic Asian; NHO: Non-Hispanic other; yrs: years; NSCH: National Survey of Children’s Health.
| Variables | Categories | Dental treatment, Total number-n, Prevalence (%) | χ2 value | p-value | ||
| Received fluoride treatment n (%) | Received treatment without fluoride n (%) | Not received treatment n (%) | ||||
| 2016-2017 | ||||||
| Gender | Male | 18,143 (51.84) | 10,750 (30.71) | 6108 (17.45) | 19.17 | <0.001 |
| Female | 17,345 (52.18) | 10,494 (31.57) | 5399 (16.24) | |||
| Age (yrs) | 1-5 | 5480 (30.68) | 5032 (28.16) | 7352 (41.16) | 11056.00 | <0.001 |
| 6-11 | 13,718 (64.54) | 5927 (27.88) | 1611 (7.58) | |||
| 12-17 | 16,290 (55.94) | 10,285 (35.32) | 2544 (8.74) | |||
| Race | Hispanic | 3426 (45.23) | 2756 (36.38) | 1393 (18.39) | 713.55 | <0.001 |
| NHW | 26,215 (54.87) | 13,854 (28.99) | 7710 (16.14) | |||
| NHB | 1689 (41.92) | 1625 (40.33) | 715 (17.75) | |||
| NHA | 1437 (39.91) | 1425 (39.57) | 739 (20.53) | |||
| NHO | 2721 (51.78) | 1584 (30.14) | 950 (18.08) | |||
| 2017-2018 | ||||||
| Gender | Male | 13,200 (50.95) | 8126 (31.37) | 4580 (17.68) | 18.96 | <0.001 |
| Female | 12,407 (51.67) | 7708 (32.10) | 3895 (16.22) | |||
| Age (yrs) | 1-5 | 4150 (32.25) | 3636 (28.25) | 5081 (39.49) | 6799.80 | <0.001 |
| 6-11 | 9972 (63.26) | 4496 (28.52) | 1296 (8.23) | |||
| 12-17 | 11,485 (53.96) | 7702 (36.18) | 2098 (9.86) | |||
| Race | Hispanic | 2577 (44.38) | 2130 (36.68) | 1100 (18.94) | 600.14 | <0.001 |
| NHW | 18,805 (54.46) | 10,228 (29.62) | 5500 (15.93) | |||
| NHB | 1241 (39.06) | 1320 (41.55) | 616 (19.39) | |||
| NHA | 956 (39.21) | 948 (38.88) | 534 (21.90) | |||
| NHO | 2028 (51.20) | 1208 (30.50) | 725 (18.30) | |||
| 2018-2019 | ||||||
| Gender | Male | 15,300 (50.98) | 9537 (31.78) | 5174 (17.24) | 21.71 | <0.001 |
| Female | 14,328 (52.11) | 8823 (32.09) | 4347 (15.81) | |||
| Age (yrs) | 1-5 | 5004 (34.01) | 4268 (29.01) | 5440 (36.98) | 6653.50 | <0.001 |
| 6-11 | 11547 (63.30) | 5155 (28.26) | 1539 (8.44) | |||
| 12-17 | 13,077 (53.25) | 8937 (36.39) | 2542 (10.36) | |||
| Race | Hispanic | 3016 (44.33) | 2495 (36.67) | 1293 (19.00) | 787.27 | <0.001 |
| NHW | 21,908 (54.92) | 11,874 (29.77) | 6110 (15.32) | |||
| NHB | 1388 (37.75) | 1543 (41.96) | 746 (20.29) | |||
| NHA | 1078 (39.02) | 1090 (39.45) | 595 (21.53) | |||
| NHO | 2238 (51.18) | 1358 (31.05) | 777 (17.77) | |||