Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 22;2021:7516504. doi: 10.1155/2021/7516504

Table 4.

Data analysis for randomised controlled trials.

Author (lead), year Dependent variable Outcome measure Effect size 95% Confidence interval (CI) Dose of intervention
Duncan and Earhart (2012) [62]: tango vs. usual care Disability-motor UPDRS-motor 3 −2.71 −3.40 to −2.02 1 hr class, 2/week, 12 months
Hackney and Earhart (2010) [60]: partnered tango vs. nonpartnered dance Balance Berg balance scale −0.33 −0.96 to 0.30 1 hr, 2/week, 10 weeks
Mobility Timed up and go 0.52 −0.12 to 1.16
Hackney and Earhart (2009) [61]: waltz/foxtrot vs. control argentine tango vs. control Disability UPDRS WF: −2.61 −3.53 to −1.70 1 hr, 2/week, 13 weeks
T: −2.44 −3.37 to −1.51
Balance Berg balance scale WF: 2.54 1.64 to 3.44
T: 2.52 1.57 to 3.46
Mobility Timed up and go WF: -1.74 −2.25 to −0.95
T: −2.14 −3.02 to −1.25
Endurance 6 minute walk test WF: 1.86 1.05 to 2.66
T: 2.39 1.47 to 3.31
Freezing of gait Freezing of gait WF: 0.85 0.14 to 1.55
T: 0.76 0.03 to 1.49
Tango vs. waltz/foxtrot Disability UPDRS 0.55 −0.17 to 1.27
Balance BBS −0.09 −0.80 to 0.61
Mobility TUG −0.75 −1.48 to −0.02
Endurance 6MWT 1.75 0.92 to 2.58
Freezing of gait FOG −0.08 −0.79 to 0.63
Hackney et al. (2007) [59]: partnered argentine tango vs. group exercise class Disability (motor) UPDRS–Motor 3 1.53 0.51 to 2.55 1 hr, 2/week, 13 weeks
Balance Berg balance scale 3.52 2.09 to 4.96
Mobility Timed up and go −4.78 −6.54 to −3.01
Freezing of gait Freezing of gait 1.56 0.54 to 2.59
Gait velocity Gait velocity m/s −1.01 −1.97 to −0.05
Dual tasking Velocity of dual walking task m/s −1.11 −2.08 to −0.05
Hashimoto et al. (2015) [67]: PD dance vs. PD ex Mobility Time up and go 0.29 −0.40 to 0.99 Dance: 60 min class (dance), 1/week, 12 weeks Exercise: 60 min class (stretching, strengthening), 1/week, 12 weeks
Balance Berg balance scale 1.49 0.71 to 2.28
Disability UPDRS −0.89 −1.62 to −0.16
Depression Self-rating depression scale −0.18 −0.88 to 0.51
PD dance vs. control (usual care) Mobility Time up and go −0.22 −0.95 to 0.51 Dance: 60 min class, 1/week, 12 weeks
Balance Berg balance scale 1.05 0.27 to 1.83
Disability UPDRS −1.19 −1.98 to −0.40
Depression Self-rating depression scale −0.71 −1.46 to 0.04
Kunkel et al. (2017) [55]: dance vs. control Balance Berg balance scale −0.01 −0.62 to 0.59 1 hr, 2/week, 10 weeks
Mobility Timed up and go 0.37 −0.24 to 0.97
Endurance 6 minute walk test −0.26 −0.87 to 0.34
Quality of life PDQ-39 0.13 −0.47 to 0.73
Lee et al. (2015) [57]: virtual reality vs. control Balance Berg balance scale 1.09 0.15 to 2.03 30 mins, 5/week, 6 weeks
Activities of daily living Modified Barthel index 1.12 0.18 to 2.07
Depression Beck depression inventory −1.30 −2.26 to −0.34
Lee et al. (2018) [63]: Qigong dancing vs. wait list Disability UPDRS −0.36 −1.00 to 0.27 60 min, 2/week, 8 weeks
Quality of life PD quality of life 0.55 −0.09 to 1.19
Balance Berg balance sale 0.38 −0.25 to 1.01
Depression Beck depression inventory 0.33 −1.22 to 0.06
McKee and Hackney (2013) [66]: tango vs. education Disability (motor) UPDRS–Motor 3 −0.66 −1.45 to 0.12 90 mins, 20 sessions, 12 weeks
Balance Advanced balance scale 0.32 −0.45 to 1.09
Mobility Timed up and go −0.07 −0.83 to 0.70
Quality of life PDQ-39 0.16 −0.61 to 0.93
Freezing of gait Freezing of gait −0.27 −1.00 to 0.53
Michels et al. (2018) [30]: dance therapy vs. control Disability (motor) UPDRS–Motor 3 −1.32 -2.60 to −0.03 60 mins, 1/week, 10 weeks
Disability UPDRS–Total −0.61 −1.81 to 0.59
Balance Berg balance scale 1.32 0.03 to 2.60
Mobility Timed up and go −1.07 −2.32 to 0.18
Depression Beck depression inventory 1.03 −0.21 to 2.27
Poier et al. (2019) [64]: argentine tango vs. tai chi Quality of life PDQ-39 −0.14 −0.87 to 0.59 60 min class, 1/week, 10 weeks
Satisfaction BMLSS-life satisfaction 0.18 −0.55 to 0.91
Rocha et al. (2018) [27]: argentine tango vs. mixed genre dance Mobility Timed up and go −0.61 −1.49 to 0.27 In-person: 1 hour, 1/week Home: 40 mins, 1/week, 8 weeks
Freezing of gait Freezing of gait 0.26 −0.60 to 1.12
Balance Berg balance scale 0.43 −0.44 to 1.30
Quality of life PDQ-39 −0.75 −1.64 to 0.14
Disability (motor) UPDRS 3 (R) −0.01 −0.87 to 0.85
Disability (motor) UPDRS 3 (L) 0.14 −0.72 to 0.99
Rio Romenets et al. (2015) [58]: partnered tango vs. self-directed exercise Disability UPDRS-total −0.50 −1.19 to 0.20 1 hr, 2/week, 12 weeks
Disability (motor) UPDRS 3 −0.60 −1.30 to 0.11
Quality of life PDQ-39 0.11 −0.57 to 0.80
Mobility Timed up and go −1.00 −1.73 to −0.28
Mobility Dual timed up and go 0.28 −0.41 to 0.97
Freezing of gait Freezing of gait −0.34 −1.03 to 0.35
Shanahan et al. (2017) [26]: Irish set dancing vs. usual care Disability (motor) UPDRS 3 −1.13 −1.79 to −0.47 In-person: 1 hr, 1/week Home: 20 mins, 3/week, 10 weeks
Endurance 6 minute walk test 0.13 −0.48 to 0.74
Quality of life PDQ-39 0.00 −0.61 to 0.61
Solla et al. (2019) [56]: Sardinian folk dance vs. usual care Disability (motor) UPDRS–Motor 3 −1.16 −2.11 to −0.21 90 mins, 2/week, 12 weeks
Endurance 6 minute walk test 2.57 1.38 to 3.75
Balance Berg balance scale 1.99 0.92 to 3.07
Mobility Timed up and go −1.81 −2.85 to −0.77
Volpe et al. (2013) [65]: Irish set dancing vs. physiotherapy Disability (motor) UPDRS-motor −0.99 −1.84 to −0.14 Dance: 90 min classes, 1/week, 6 months PT: 90 mins, 1/week, 6 months, 1 hr weekly home video
Balance Berg balance scale 0.81 −0.02 to 1.64
Freezing of gait Freezing of gait −1.45 −2.43 to −0.55
Quality of life PDQ-39 −0.58 −1.43 to 0.23

PDQ-39: Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39; PT: physiotherapy; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Analyses were for baseline and after intervention data within groups, unless otherwise specified.