Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population across different categories of diuretic usages.
| Variables | All (n = 1438) | Furosemide plus metolazone (n = 466) | Furosemide (n = 972) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.19 ± 12.98 | 67.79 ± 13.38 | 68.39 ± 12.79 | 0.411 | |||||
| Male (%) | 999 (69.5) | 294 (63.1) | 705 (72.5) | < 0.001 | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.26 ± 4 | 26.46 ± 4.7 | 26.17 ± 3.6 | 0.193 | |||||
| Hypertension (%) | 911 (63.4) | 303 (65) | 608 (62.6) | 0.363 | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 675 (46.9) | 218 (46.8) | 457 (47) | 0.933 | |||||
| COPD (%) | 175 (12.2) | 46 (9.9) | 129 (13.3) | 0.065 | |||||
| Ischemic heart disease (%) | 1218 (84.7) | 389 (83.5) | 829 (85.3) | 0.372 | |||||
| Stroke (%) | 74 (5.1) | 22 (4.7) | 52 (5.3) | 0.613 | |||||
| Renal diseases(%) | 353 (24.5) | 117 (25.1) | 236 (24.3) | 0.733 | |||||
| Smoking (%) | 265 (18.4) | 81 (17.4) | 184 (18.9) | 0.479 | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.60 ± 26.3 | 127.56 ± 26.9 | 127.62 ± 25.9 | 0.965 | |||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.67 ± 15.7 | 80.01 ± 15.6 | 80.98 ± 15.8 | 0.273 | |||||
| Heart rates (beats/min) | 89.22 ± 19.8 | 88.96 ± 19.6 | 89.35 ± 19.9 | 0.728 | |||||
| Hb (g/dl) | 13.37 ± 2.06 | 13.09 ± 2.09 | 13.50 ± 2.04 | < 0.001 | |||||
| BUN (mg/dl) | 27.88 ± 14.40 | 28.62 ± 16.04 | 27.52 ± 13.5 | 0.175 | |||||
| Cr (mg/dl) | 1.51 ± 0.8 | 1.52 ± 0.7 | 1.50 ± 0.8 | 0.653 | |||||
| Potassium (mEq/l) | 4.49 ± 0.6 | 4.43 ± 0.6 | 4.52 ± 0.6 | 0.015 | |||||
| Sodium (mEq/l) | 138.66 ± 5 | 138.62 ± 5.1 | 138.68 ± 4.9 | 0.819 | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Drug history | |||||||||
| Pre-admission | ACEIs/ARBs (%) | 1021 (71) | 418 (89.7) | 603 (62) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Beta-blockers (%) | 1040 (72.3) | 437 (93.8) | 603 (62) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (%) | 468 (32.5) | 159 (34.1) | 309 (31.8) | 0.377 | |||||
| Nitrates (%) | 665 (46.2) | 206 (44.2) | 459 (47.2) | 0.283 | |||||
| Digoxin (%) | 465 (32.3) | 156 (33.5) | 309 (31.8) | 0.522 | |||||
| Oral anticoagulants (%) | 287 (20) | 102 (21.9) | 185 (19) | 0.205 | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Discharge | ACEIs/ARBs (%) | 1211 (84.2) | 457 (98.1) | 754 (77.6) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Beta-blockers (%) | 1097 (76.3) | 457 (98.1) | 640 (65.8) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (%) | 770 (53.5) | 262 (56.2) | 508 (52.3) | 0.159 | |||||
| Nitrates (%) | 820 (57) | 265 (56.9) | 555 (57.1) | 0.934 | |||||
| Digoxin (%) | 735 (51.1) | 237 (50.9) | 498 (51.2) | 0.894 | |||||
| Oral anticoagulants (%) | 345 (24) | 126 (27) | 219 (22.5) | 0.061 | |||||
BMI: body mass index, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Hb: hemoglobin, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, Cr: creatinine, ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers.