Table 17.

All-grade adverse events of dermatological origin in cancer patients treated with ICI [71, 74–80]

System	Symptoms	Abnormalities in diagnostic test results	Suspected pathology
Skin	Maculopapular rash Erythema multiforme Eczematous Psoriasiform Skin rash (maculopapular lesions) Dry skin	Full skin and mucosal examination with attentionto lesion type and percentage of BSA percentage Skin biopsy (lichenoid dermatitis, spongiotic dermatitis, perivascular infiltrate rich in T lymphocytes, in bulbous dermatosessubepidermal blisters can be observed)	Inflammatory dermatitis, rush
	Vitiligo-like lesions, usually bilaterally and symmetrically distributed	Full skin and mucosal examination with attention to lesion type and percentage of BSA percentage Skin biopsy (lichenoid dermatitis, spongiotic dermatitis, perivascular infiltrate rich in T lymphocytes, in bulbous dermatoses subepidermal blisters can be observed)	Vitiligo
	Pemphigoid Skin blisters	Full skin and mucosal examination with attention to lesion type and percentage of BSA percentage Skin biopsy (lichenoid dermatitis, spongiotic dermatitis, perivascular infiltrate rich in T lymphocytes, in bulbous dermatoses subepidermal blisters can be observed)	Bullous dermatoses
	Changes in structure of skin Skin pain Fever Malaise Myalgias Arthralgias Abdominal pain Mucositis Lymphadenopathy	Nikolsky sign present (swelling andwrinkling with detachment of upperlayers of the skin)	Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions(SCARs): Steven-Johnson syndrome,toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, DRESS/DIHS