Table 21.

All-grade ocular adverse events in cancer patients treated with ICI [71, 74, 76–81]

System	Organ	Symptoms	Abnormalities in diagnostic test results	Suspected pathology
Ocular	Middle layer of the eye	Blurred vision Floaters Flashing lights Eye redness Change in color vision Photophobia/ light sensitivity Visual distortion Scotomas Visual field changes Double vision Tenderness Pain with eye movement Eyelid swelling Proptosis Scotomas Tender eyes	Clinical examination (visual acuity, color vision, test for afferent pupillary defect) Ophthalmoscopy	Uveitis Iritis
	Episcleral tissue		Clinical examination (difference in redness of eye)	Episcleritis
	Eyelid		Clinical examination (the presence of scurf, telangiectatic vascular changes of the eyelid margin, inspissated meibomian glands, conjunctival hyperemia, punctuate keratopathy, cornea vascularization, and ulceration)	Blepharitis
	Uvea	Conjunctival redness Eye pain Photophobia Floaters Blurred vision	Ophthalmologic examination Funduscopic examination Fluorescein angiography Electrophysiological examination	Uveitis
		Eye signs (blurred vision, bilateral uveitis) Inner ear signs (hearing loss) Neurological signs (acute encephalitis signs, headache, meningismus) Cutaneous demonstration (vitiligo, alopecia)	Ocular coherence tomography (exudative detachments of the retina in the acute stage, along with choroidal thickening and demonstrating choroidal thinning in the chronic stage)	Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (uveomeningitis)