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. 2021 Oct 29;4:1240. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02766-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Sequence and secondary structure of individual repeats, which each consist of an anti-parallel two-helix bundle connected by short turns composed of ‘GN’ sequences. b, c Nine consecutive repeats (colored blue at the N-terminal repeat and progressing to red at the C-terminal repeat in all figure panels) form a closed cylindrical structure, with an exterior diameter of ~60 Å and an interior pore diameter of ~15 Å. d The structural composition of the two-helix bundle corresponding to each designed repeat places mostly charged side chains (largely glutamic acid and arginine residues) on the exterior of the particle, and a network of charged and hydrophilic residues (along with one aromatic tyrosine) on its interior surface. The interface between the two helices is largely composed of a series of leucine and alanine residues (not labeled). e The interface between individual repeats corresponds to a series of beta-branched (Ile and Val) and gamma-branched (Leu) hydrophobic residues that form a hydrophobic core between helices, flanked by hydrophilic residues extending towards the interior and exterior of the tcTRP particles.