Table 1.
Demographic data of the cohort.
| All (N = 95) | Healthy control (N = 7) | COVID-19 Mild (N = 37) | COVID-19 Severe (N = 27) | COVID-19 Fatal (N = 19) | Non-COVID-19-pneumonia (N = 5) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 45 (21) | 35 (18) | 37 (18) | 47 (21) | 58 (16.5) | 49 (13) | 6.75e−07*** |
| Gender | |||||||
| Female, n (%) | 43 (45.2%) | 5 (71.4%) | 18 (48.6%) | 12 (44%) | 5 (26.3%) | 3 (60%) | 0.016* |
| Male, n (%) | 52 (54.7%) | 2 (28.5%) | 19 (51.3%) | 15 (55.5%) | 14 (73.6%) | 2 (40%) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 15 (17%) | 0 | 0 | 8 (29.6%) | 7 (36.8%) | 0 | ns |
| NA | 8 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 27.6 (6.9) | 26.2 (2.6) | 27.34 (7.9) | 28.9 (4.6) | 30.4 (9.8) | 24.9 (2.3) | 0.05* |
| Obesity | |||||||
| Not obese, n(%) | 48 (50.5%) | 5 (71.4%) | 16 (43.2%) | 16 (59.2%) | 8 (42.1%) | 3 (60%) | ns |
| Class I, n (%) | 16 (61.5%) | 0 | 9 (81.8%) | 7 (77.7%) | 2 (25%) | 0 | |
| Class II, n(%) | 7 (29.9%) | 0 | 1 (9%) | 2 (22%) | 4 (50%) | 0 | |
| Class III, n(%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0 | 1 (9%) | 0 | 2 (25%) | 0 | |
| NA | 21 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 2 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| DM2, n (%) | 15 (17%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 7 (70.3%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0 | ns |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 15 (17%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 4 (14.8%) | 8 (42.1%) | 0 | ns |
| Respiratory disease*, n (%) | 4 (4.5%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (5.2%) | 0 | ns |
| NA | 36 | 2 | 17 | 1 | 8 | 8 | |
| Days after symptoms onset, n (IQR) | 7 (6) | NA | 5 (5) | 6.5 (4.7) | 5 (5) | 10 (3) | 0.01* |
| Antibiotic treatment, n (%) | 50 (52.6%) | 1 (14.2%) | 11 (29.7%) | 21 (77.7%) | 15 (78.9%) | 2 (40%) | 0.002** |
| Symptoms | |||||||
| Cough, n (%) | 50 (52%) | 2 (28.5%) | 11 (29.7%) | 20 (74%) | 15 (78.9%) | 2 (40%) | ns |
| Fever, n (%) | 48 (50.5%) | 2 (28.5%) | 10 (27%) | 19 (70.3%) | 15 (78.9%) | 2 (40%) | ns |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 42 (44%) | 0 | 4 (10.8%) | 18 (66.6%) | 17 (89%) | 3 (60%) | ns |
| Headache, n (%) | 40 (42%) | 1 (14.2%) | 15 (40.5%) | 13 (48%) | 11 (57.8%) | 0 | 0.001** |
| Myalgia, n (%) | 38 (40%) | 2 (28.5%) | 12 (32.4%) | 13 (48%) | 10 (52.6%) | 1 (20%) | 0.003** |
| Arthralgia, n (%) | 36 (37.8%) | 2 (28.5%) | 10 (27%) | 13 (48%) | 10 (52.6%) | 1 (20%) | 0.04* |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 20 (21%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 8 (29.6%) | 9 (47%) | 0 | ns |
| Rhinorrhea, n (%) | 26 (27.3%) | 1 (14.2%) | 6 (16%) | 12 (44%) | 6 (31.5%) | 1 (20%) | ns |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 13 (13.6%) | 0 | 5 (13%) | 4 (14.8%) | 4 (21%) | 0 | ns |
| Diarrhea, n (%) | 16 (16.8%) | 0 | 4 (10.8%) | 8 (29.6%) | 4 (21%) | 0 | ns |
| Cyanosis, n (%) | 7 (7.3%) | 0 | 0 | 3(11%) | 4 (21%) | 0 | ns |
| Vomiting, n (%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0 | 1 (2.7%) | 3 (11%) | 1 (5.2%) | 0 | ns |
| NA | 105 | 0 | 70 | 12 | 0 | 23 | |
Only upper respiratory samples (OPS and NPS) are included in the information. BMI Body Mass Index, DM2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. *Respiratory diseases: either asthma, COPD, or ILD. P values denote statistical significant differences given by Wilcoxon rank-sum test (*< 0.05, **< 0.005, ***< 0.0005).