Fig. 4. Dual-dextramer staining reveals AE-specific CD8⁺ T cells have a memory phenotype and produce cytokines in naïve mice.

Splenocytes from C57BL/6 naïve mice (n = 5) were analyzed by flow cytometry. A Representative dual dextramer staining (left) and CD44/CD49d staining (right) in total (gray) or antigen-specific (red) CD8⁺ T cells. T_VM, T virtual memory; T_M, T memory; T_N, T naïve. B Representative cytokine staining in total (gray) or antigen-specific (red) CD8⁺ T cells. C Cumulative analyses of dual dextramer⁺ cells, memory subsets and cytokine producing cells in total compared to antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells. The data are from a single experiment representative of two independent experiments. Bars represent means ± SEM. **P < 0.01, by Mann–Whitney test, compared to total cells.