Table 2.
Inference and timing of multiple-wave introgression history.
| Continent/region | Denisovan-like | Neanderthal-like | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ancient wave | Recent wave | Ancient wave | Recent wave | |
| Europea | 118.8–101.6b (0.05–0.06) | 46.8–22.7 (~0.01) | 58.8–54.7 (0.31–0.45) | 35.2–33.1 (0.66–0.80) |
| South Asia | 110.8–101.9 (0.07–0.08) | 56.7–47.8 (0.03–0.05) | 58.2–53.2 (0.45–0.67) | 37.5–33.1 (0.48–0.76) |
| East Asia | 113.3–94.0 (0.05–0.08) | 48.1–37.5 (0.04–0.07) | 56.9–49.1 (0.37–0.62) | 34.7–33.0 (0.76–1.04) |
| Oceania | 64.0–61.9 (0.73) | 61.7–53.0 (0.61–1.07) | 35.2–28.9 (0.48–0.93) | |
aResults of Iberian populations in Spain (IBS) did not support the two-wave Denisovan-like introgression model, so the Denisovan-like introgression model of Europeans did not support the results of IBS (Supplementary Note 5.2).
bIntrogression history was estimated with European, South Asian, and East Asian data from the 1000 Genomes Project and Papuan data from the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The numbers are the minimum of the lower bound to the maximum of the upper bound introgression time of populations in the indicated continents/regions and are measured thousands of years ago (kya). Generation time was taken as 30 years (Supplementary Note 5.2). Numbers in the brackets are the range of minimum to maximum introgression proportion of populations in the indicated continent/region (Supplementary Note 5.2). Introgression proportion is displayed as a percentage (%).