Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Study Samples
| UK Biobank Participants | ALSPAC Participants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trait | Emmetropes Sample (n = 22,180) | Randomly Selected Sample* (n = 22,180) | ALL (n = 1848) | Ametropes Sample (n = 637) | Emmetropes Sample (n = 437) | Other Participants (n = 774) |
| Female, % (95% CI) | 56 (55–56) | 54 (53–55) | 54 (52–56) | 56 (52–60) | 54 (49–59) | 52 (49–56) |
| Age (y), mean (95% CI) | 56.74 (56.64–56.84) | 57.61 (57.51–57.72) | 15.46 (15.44–15.47) | 15.48 (15.45–15.50) | 15.44 (15.42–15.47) | 15.45 (15.43–15.47) |
| Corneal curvature (mm), mean (95% CI) | 7.88 (7.87–7.88) | 7.85 (7.85–7.86) | 7.82 (7.81–7.84) | 7.78 (7.76–7.8) | 7.84 (7.82–7.87) | 7.84 (7.83–7.86) |
| Axial length (mm), mean (95% CI) | — | — | 23.42 (23.38–23.46) | 23.61 (23.53–23.70) | 23.11 (23.04–23.18) | 23.43 (23.38–23.48) |
| Refractive error (D), mean (95% CI) | +0.66 (+0.66 to +0.67) | −0.24 (−0.28 to −0.21) | −0.38 (−0.44 to −0.32) | −0.97 (−1.12 to −0.81) | +0.35 (+0.31 to +0.39) | −0.31 (−0.33 to −0.30) |
| Height (m), mean (95% CI) | 1.690 (1.689–1.691) | 1.690 (1.689–1.691) | 1.69 (1.69–1.70) | 1.69 (1.69–1.70) | 1.69 (1.68–1.69) | 1.70 (1.69–1.70) |
Corneal curvature, axial length, and refractive error measurements are the average for the two eyes. Axial length was not assessed in the UK Biobank study. The age of participants refers to the age at which ocular and physical measurements were obtained. CI, confidence interval.
*
A sample with the same number of participants as the Emmetropes sample was selected at random (i.e., without reference to the participants’ refractive error).