Table 2.
Outcomes of patients during hospitalization.
| Outcome | All patients (n = 39) | HFNC success group (n = 24) | HFNC failure group (n = 15) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| During hospitalization | ||||
| Symptom onset to admission (days) | 7.0 (5.0–7.5) | 7.0 (5.0–8.0) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | 0.804 |
| COT initiation (day) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.3) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.23 |
| HFNC treatment initiation (day) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.146 |
| COT duration (days) | 10.0 (8.5–17.0) | 9.0 (8.0–11.0) | 20.5 (17.3–30.0) | 0.0003 |
| HFNC treatment duration (days) | 3.0 (1.5–4.5) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | <0.001 |
| Treatments | ||||
| Baricitinib/tocilizumab | 21 (53.8%) | 15 (62.5%) | 6 (40%) | 0.203 |
| Respiratory parameters before HFNC treatment | ||||
| RR (breaths/min) | 22 (18–25) | 23 (18–25) | 20 (17–24) | 0.309 |
| Respiratory parameters after HFNC treatment | ||||
| Flow (L/min) | 45.0 (40–50) (NA in 1) | 45.0 (40–50) (NA in 1) | 50 (40–50) | 0.676 |
| RR (breaths/min) | 20 (18–24) | 20 (18–22) | 23 (20–25) | 0.00623 |
| ROX index | 7.74 (5.97–10.44) (NA in 3) | 9.11 (7.33–10.67) (NA in 2) | 5.74 (4.94–7.51) (NA in 1) | 0.00027 |
| ROX index ≥5.55 | 29 (80.6%) (NA in 3) | 21 (95.5%) (NA in 2) | 8 (57.1%) (NA in 1) | 0.00833 |
| (RR before HFNC treatment/RR after HFNC treatment) × 100 | 100.0 (88.6–116.0) | 110.1 (97.2–127.1) | 90.0 (82.7–97.8) | 0.0176 |
| RR improvement | 15 (38.5%) | 14 (58.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.00184 |
Data are presented as medians (interquartile range) or numbers (%).
P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
The ROX index is defined as the ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to the RR.
COT, conventional oxygen therapy; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, oxygen saturation; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; ROX index, respiratory rate-oxygenation index; NA, not available.