Table 3.
Risk factors associated with in-hospital death.
| Univariable OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years∗ | 1.128 (1.07-1.189) | <0.001 | 1.143 (1.009-1.295) | 0.035 |
| Female sex (vs. male) | 0.618 (0.23-1.664) | 0.341 | 1.091 (0.108-11.007) | 0.941 |
| Respiratory rate∗ | 1.325 (1.138-1.542) | <0.001 | — | — |
| Chest pain/tightness# | 1.28 (0.483-3.392) | 0.620 | — | — |
| Underlying comorbidities# | 4.787 (1.705-13.438) | 0.003 | 0.561 (0.035-9.02) | 0.683 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Platelets∗ | 0.977 (0.966-0.988) | <0.001 | — | — |
| Neutrophils∗ | 1.415 (1.207-1.658) | <0.001 | — | — |
| WBC∗ | 1.315 (1.142-1.514) | <0.001 | — | — |
| IL-6∗ | 1.018 (1.006-1.031) | 0.004 | — | — |
| IL-10∗ | 1.229 (0.991-1.524) | 0.060 | — | |
| CRP∗ | 1.031 (1.018-1.045) | <0.001 | 1.026 (1.001-1.052) | 0.038 |
| SAA∗ | 1.003 (1-1.005) | 0.034 | — | — |
| ESR∗ | 1.031 (1.006-1.057) | 0.017 | — | — |
| Procalcitonin∗ | 1.654 (1.093-2.504) | 0.017 | — | — |
| ALP∗ | 1.014 (1.004-1.023) | 0.004 | — | — |
| ALT∗ | 0.998 (0.987-1.009) | 0.683 | — | — |
| AST∗ | 1.007 (1.002-1.013) | 0.009 | — | — |
| γ-Transglutaminase∗ | 1.002 (0.995-1.01) | 0.500 | — | — |
| Total bilirubin∗ | 1.062 (1.006-1.121) | 0.030 | — | — |
| Direct bilirubin∗ | 1.069 (1-1.142) | 0.049 | — | — |
| Total bile acid∗ | 1.066 (0.976-1.165) | 0.158 | — | — |
| Urea nitrogen∗ | 1.714 (1.339-2.149) | <0.001 | — | — |
| Creatinine∗ | 1.004 (0.999-1.009) | 0.085 | — | — |
| EGFR∗ | 0.952 (0.932-0.972) | <0.001 | — | — |
| CK∗ | 1.002 (1.001-1.004) | 0.003 | — | — |
| LDH∗ | 1.004 (1.002-1.007) | <0.001 | — | — |
| TNI∗ | 1.009 (1.002-1.017) | 0.014 | 1.018 (1.001-1.035) | 0.036 |
| Disease severity | ||||
| Severe vs. common | 2.621 (1.342-5.117) | 0.005 | — | — |
OR: odds ratio; WBC: white blood cell; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; CRP: C-reactive protein; SAA: serum amyloid A; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; EGFR: glomerular filtration rate; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; TNI: cardiac troponin I. ∗Per 1 unit increase. #Present vs. not present.