Table 3.

Predictors of psychological distress during COVID-19 controlling for pre-COVID-19 distress.

		Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 2020 [T4])
		Depression (PHQ-9)			Anxiety (GAD-7)			Stress (PSS)
		b	β	p	b	β	p	b	β	p
Demographics
	Female (vs. Male)	0.46	0.03	.620	1.62	0.12	.053	0.27	0.14	.030
	Latinx (vs. White)	2.22	0.12	.044	−0.59	−0.04	.550	−0.09	−0.04	.540
	Black (vs. White)	−1.32	−0.03	.528	−0.94	−0.03	.618	0.29	0.06	.316
	Asian (vs. White)	−2.60	−0.15	.011	−2.27	−0.15	.013	−0.04	−0.02	.779
	Other (vs. White)	−1.08	−0.04	.451	−0.46	−0.02	.725	−0.05	−0.02	.797
	Income middle (vs. low)	−1.01	−0.07	.265	1.16	0.09	.155	−0.12	−0.07	.317
	Income high (vs. low)	−1.14	−0.08	.211	0.64	0.05	.436	0.14	0.08	.269
T4 Housing Circumstances
	Living with family	0.12	0.01	.905	−0.38	−0.02	.680	−0.20	−0.09	.156
	Household size	0.13	0.03	.636	−0.01	0.00	.971	0.06	0.11	.118
T4 Health Behaviors
	Healthy diet	0.29	0.10	.085	0.03	0.01	.848	−0.01	−0.04	.523
	PA 1–2x/week (vs. none)	−0.07	−0.01	.954	0.39	0.03	.715	−0.05	−0.03	.763
	PA 3–4x/week (vs. none)	1.83	0.13	.115	0.17	0.01	.869	0.20	0.12	.195
	PA > 5x/week (vs. none)	0.05	0.00	.971	0.28	0.02	.806	0.27	0.14	.121
	Hours of sleep	−0.03	−0.08	.143	−0.02	−0.07	.217	0.00	0.02	.790
	Social contact	−0.16	−0.03	.628	−0.06	−0.01	.843	0.02	0.02	.739
	Online social contact	1.00	0.12	.027	0.58	0.08	.152	0.10	0.10	.111
	Problematic Internet use	0.97	0.12	.055	1.30	0.18	.005	0.09	0.09	.200
T4 Psychological Variables
	Cog beh avoidance	0.08	0.28	.001	0.05	0.21	.015	0.01	0.28	.003
	Experiential avoidance	0.04	0.05	.542	0.02	0.04	.677	0.02	0.19	.058
	Emotion malleability beliefs	−0.18	−0.03	.653	0.04	0.01	.913	−0.07	−0.08	.221
	Perceived benefits	−0.88	−0.11	.058	−0.36	−0.05	.394	−0.01	−0.02	.817
		R2 = 0.60, AR2 = 0.54			R2 = 0.55, AR2 = 0.49			R2 = 0.46, AR2 = 0.38

Note: Analyses control for pre-COVID-19 mental health (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in February 2020 [T3]). All models were significant, p <0.001.