Table 1.

Comparison of UPR^mt between cancer cells and normal cells

	UPRmt in cancer cells	UPRmt in normal cells
Cell type	All type of the carcinoma cells	Post-mitotic cells
Activitor	Accumulation unfolded proteins, impaired ETC, mtdna mutation and deletion, inhibition of mitochondrial chaperones or proteases, increased ROS level	Accumulation unfolded proteins, impaired ETC, mtDNA mutation and deletion, inhibition of mitochondrial chaperones or proteases, increased ROS level
Regulatory pathway	CHOP-, SIR3/7-, Pink-, Nrf-, calcium-, and ATF4/5-mediated signal pathway	SIR3/7-, and ATF4/5-mediated signal pathway
Effector	FOXOs, HSPs, HIF, ClpP, SOD1/2, MAPK, OXPHOS-related proteins, proteasome, mitochondrial ribosomal protein	HSPs, SOD1/2, OXPHOS-related proteins, proteasome
Outcome	Cancer proliferation and metastasis	Cell longevity and lifespan extension