Table 1.
Characteristics of the enrolled HCC patients
| Variables | Total | Non-MDVA | MDVA | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 266) | (n = 187) | (n = 79) | ||
| Sex | 0.991 | |||
| Male | 187 (70.3%) | 132 (70.6%) | 55 (69.6%) | |
| Female | 79 (29.7%) | 55 (29.4%) | 24 (30.4%) | |
| Age (years) | 69.9 ± 4.5 | 69.6 ± 4.3 | 70.8 ± 4.9 | 0.051 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 3.5 | 25.6 ± 3.2 | 21.7 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 77 (28.9%) | 60 (32.1%) | 17 (21.5%) | 0.112 |
| Hypertension | 111 (41.7%) | 78 (41.7%) | 33 (41.8%) | > 0.999 |
| Cardiovascular attack | 10 (3.8%) | 8 (4.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.740 |
| Other malignancy | 17 (6.4%) | 11 (5.9%) | 6 (7.6%) | 0.805 |
| Renal failure on dialysis | 9 (3.4%) | 7 (3.7%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.898 |
| Alcohol | 146 (54.9%) | 103 (55.1%) | 43 (54.4%) | > 0.999 |
| Smoking | 128 (48.1%) | 89 (47.6%) | 39 (49.4%) | 0.896 |
| Etiology | 0.098 | |||
| Hepatitis B | 155 (58.3%) | 116 (62.0%) | 39 (49.4%) | |
| Hepatitis C | 60 (22.6%) | 36 (19.3%) | 24 (30.4%) | |
| Others | 51 (19.2%) | 35 (18.7%) | 16 (20.3%) | |
| Variceal bleeding | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.884 |
| Ascites | 14 (5.3%) | 8 (4.3%) | 6 (7.6%) | 0.420 |
| MELD score | 8.4 ± 2.3 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 2.7 | 0.826 |
| Platelet (×103/uL) | 124.1 ± 58.7 | 123.6 ± 56.7 | 125.4 ± 63.4 | 0.828 |
| Prothrombin time (INR) | 1.11 ± 0.13 | 1.12 ± 0.11 | 1.11 ± 0.16 | 0.675 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.503 |
| AST (IU/L) | 48.5 ± 33.0 | 49.0 ± 30.2 | 47.3 ± 39.1 | 0.731 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 41.9 ± 30.1 | 40.3 ± 24.8 | 45.5 ± 39.8 | 0.285 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.777 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.815 |
| Number of tumors | 0.943 | |||
| Single | 122 (45.9%) | 85 (45.5%) | 37 (46.8%) | |
| Multiple | 144 (54.1%) | 102 (54.5%) | 42 (53.2%) | |
| Size of tumors (cm) | 3.7 ± 2.8 | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 3.8 | 0.046 |
| Infiltrative type of HCC | 3 (1.1%) | 3 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.619 |
| BCLC | 0.327 | |||
| stage 0 | 29 (10.9%) | 20 (10.7%) | 9 (11.4%) | |
| stage A | 136 (51.1%) | 101 (54.0%) | 35 (44.3%) | |
| stage B | 101 (38.0%) | 66 (35.3%) | 35 (44.3%) | |
| Serum AFP (ng/mL) | 376.5 ± 1308.9 | 369.2 ± 1382.4 | 393.6 ± 1123.9 | 0.881 |
| TACE method | 0.175 | |||
| Conventional TACE | 257 (96.6%) | 183 (97.9%) | 74 (93.7%) | |
| DEB-TACE | 9 (3.4%) | 4 (2.1%) | 5 (6.3%) | |
Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, or frequency (%)
AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AST, aspartate transaminase; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; BMI, body mass index; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; INR, international normalized ratio; MDVA, muscle depletion with visceral adiposity; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; TACE, trans-arterial chemoembolization; DEB-TACE, drug eluting bead TACE