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. 2021 Oct 31;45(2):800–811. doi: 10.1007/s10753-021-01585-x

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Rapid onset of NET formation in PMN from COVID-19 patients and correlation with lung disease severity. A Increased basal NET formation in freshly isolated neutrophils from COVID-19 patients without exogenous stimulus. Increased NET generation in neutrophils from COVID-19 patients upon stimulation with 1 μM fMLF compared to healthy donors. B Using paired samples from the same patient/donor, no significant fold change in NET formation upon stimulation with 1 µM fMLF. C NET formation occurs more rapidly in neutrophils from COVID-19 patients stimulated with 3 nM PMA compared to healthy controls. D Neutrophils from COVID-19 patients who developed mod/severe lung disease exhibit greater NET production in response to 3 nM PMA compared to COVID-19 patients with minimal lung disease or healthy controls. n = 14 healthy donors, n = 10 COVID-19 patients with minimal lung disease, n = 10 COVID-19 patients who developed mod/severe lung disease. *p < .05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.0001.