Table 1:
Sample characteristics of pregnant women in the past 12 months
| Pregnant women in the past 12 months (Wave 3 and Wave 4)a | Full Sample (n = 1842) | Heterosexual (n = 1590) | Sexual minority (n = 237) | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||
| Race | ||||
| White | 1181 (72.2) | 1042 (73.4) | 135 (66.7) | p=.175 |
| Black | 365 (14.0) | 307 (14.0) | 55 (14.8) | |
| Other | 233 (13.8) | 187 (12.6) | 41 (18.6) | |
| Hispanic Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | 1368 (75.4) | 1178 (76.1) | 180 (69.7) | p=.132 |
| Hispanic | 466 (24.6) | 407 (23.9) | 55 (30.3) | |
| Age | ||||
| 18 to 21 | 377 (8.0) | 301 (7.2) | 74 (18.0) | p<.001 b |
| 22 to 25 | 476 (16.1) | 395 (15.2) | 79 (28.0) | |
| 26 to 29 | 382 (21.5) | 336 (21.7) | 41 (20.5) | |
| 30 to 33 | 268 (22.8) | 243 (23.9) | 22 (14.2) | |
| 34 and older | 339 (31.6) | 315 (32.0) | 21 (19.2) | |
| Income | ||||
| $24,999 or lower | 886 (37.3) | 729 (34.6) | 151 (64.0) | p<.001 b |
| $25,000 to $74,999 | 584 (33.5) | 521 (33.6) | 59 (28.9) | |
| $75,000 and higher | 307 (29.2) | 287 (31.8) | 19 (7.1) | |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 352 (12.9) | 275 (11.7) | 72 (23.0) | p<.001 b |
| High school only | 474 (23.4) | 406 (22.6) | 66 (33.7) | |
| Some college | 669 (32.0) | 586 (32.2) | 79 (35.0) | |
| College degree or higher | 341 (31.7) | 321 (35.5) | 18 (8.2) | |
| Sexual Identity c | ||||
| Heterosexuals | 1590 (91.5) | -- | -- | |
| Lesbian | 17 (0.5) | -- | -- | |
| Bisexual | 177 (5.5) | -- | -- | |
| Something else | 43 (2.5) | -- | -- | |
| Lifetime Cigarette Use | ||||
| No | 473 (42.2) | 431 (42.9) | 36 (24.4) | p<.001 b |
| Yes | 1331 (57.8) | 1561 (57.1) | 194 (75.6) | |
| Lifetime E-Cigarette Use | ||||
| No | 725 (62.8) | 665 (64.1) | 54 (43.9) | p<.001 b |
| Yes | 1057 (37.2) | 875 (35.9) | 175 (56.1) |
Notes: n = unweighted sample size; Percentages incorporate wave 4 survey weights for the longitudinal sample; Sample sizes may vary due to missing data.
For the sample characteristics only (for ease of presentation), all estimates were aggregated between Wave 3 and Wave for to reflect the maximum score/score. For instance, the highest income level that a respondent indicated at either Wave 3 or Wave 4 was selected. With respect to sexual identity the maximum value was selected based on the following values: 0 = heterosexual, 1 = lesbian, 2 = bisexual, 3 = something else. It should be noted that this aggregation strategy will ultimately determine who was consistently “heterosexual” and who indicated that they were a “sexual minority” at either Wave 3, Wave 4, or both.
Differences between heterosexuals and sexual minorities were estimated using design based Rao-Scott chi-square tests for categorical outcomes.
Percentages of sexual minorities by Wave were the following: Wave 3 – 92.3% heterosexual, 0.5% lesbian, 4.8% bisexual, 2.4% something else; Wave 4 – 92.3% heterosexual, 0.6% lesbian, 5.7% bisexual, 1.6% something else