Table 3.
Univariate associations between intimate partner violence (IPV), covariates and proposed mediators and composite scores for developmental domains in complete case analysis
| Composite cognitive (n=549) | Composite language (n=598) | Composite motor (n=521) | |
| Unadjusted | Unadjusted | Unadjusted | |
| Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | |
| IPV | |||
| Emotional IPV score | −0.32 (−0.58 to 0.06)* | −0.35 (−0.69 to 0.01)* | −0.58 (−0.93 to 0.24)* |
| Physical IPV score | −0.18 (−0.42 to 0.05) | −0.23 (−0.54 to 0.08) | −0.42 (−0.73 to 0.11)* |
| Sexual IPV score | −0.15 (−0.97 to 0.67) | −0.16 (−1.29 to 0.97) | −0.49 (−1.63 to 0.65) |
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Maternal education (not completed secondary) | −1.31 (−2.70 to 0.08) | −2.86 (−4.61 to 1.11)* | −0.93 (−2.78 to 0.92) |
| Mother employed | 0.60 (−0.87 to 2.08) | 0.34 (−1.57 to 2.27) | 0.68 (−1.29 to 2.65) |
| Mother married/partnered | −0.52 (−1.98 to 0.93) | 0.47 (−1.43 to 2.37) | 0.01 (−1.94 to 1.95) |
| Household income | |||
| >R5000 | 0.73 (−0.92 to 2.38) | 0.32 (−1.80 to 2.45) | 1.63 (−0.55 to 3.82) |
| Recruitment site: TC Newman | 1.19 (−0.16 to 2.53) | 3.05 (1.35 to 4.76)** | 1.13 (−0.66 to 2.93) |
| Physical variables | |||
| Birth weight z-score | 0.42 (−0.17 to 1.01) | 0.84 (0.09 to 1.58)* | 0.62 (−0.17 to 1.39) |
| Male | −1.66 (−3.01 to 0.32)* | −4.27 (−5.96 to 2.59)** | −1.52 (−3.31 to 0.27) |
| Child age (months) | −0.94 (−2.23 to 0.34) | −0.10 (−1.74 to 1.53) | −2.81 (−4.49 to 1.12)* |
| HIV exposed | −1.71 (−3.30 to 0.11)* | −3.90 (−5.93 to 1.87)** | −0.76 (−2.89 to 1.38) |
| Length for age z-score | 0.97 (0.36 to 1.58)* | 0.77 (−0.01 to 1.55) | 0.13 (−0.70 to 0.97) |
| Weight for age z-score | 0.92 (0.32 to 1.51)* | 0.64 (−0.12 to 1.40) | 0.68 (−0.19 to 1.47) |
| Weight for length z-score | 0.61 (0.02 to 1.19)* | −0.34 (−0.41 to 1.09) | 0.84 (0.05 to 1.63)* |
| Proposed psychosocial mediators | |||
| Depression score | −0.02 (−0.11 to 0.08) | −0.06 (−0.18 to 0.06) | −0.12 (−0.25 to 0.01) |
| Alcohol dependence score | −0.07 (−0.17 to 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.16 to 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.13 to 0.15) |
All variables measured at 2 years of child age except birth weight, sex and HIV-exposure which were captured at birth. IPV subtypes, depression and alcohol dependence were included as continuous variables in all models.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01.