Table 2.
Univariate analysis of associations between presenting seizure, age at presenting seizure, deprivation, aetiology, and DRE, GDD and mortality
| Total | DRE | P-value; OR (95% CI) for DRE | GDD | P-value; OR (95% CI) for GDD | Death | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 207 | 74 (36%) | n.s. | 104 (50%) | n.s. | 6 (3%) |
| Female | 183 | 65 (36%) | n.s. | 89 (49%) | n.s. | 7 (4%) |
| Presenting seizure classification | ||||||
| Generalized seizure | 140 | 35 (25%) | 0.0013; 0.47 (0.30–0.74)# | 47 (34%) | 0.000003; 0.36 (0.24–0.55)## | 3 (2%) |
| Generalized tonic-clonic seizure | 97 | 22 (23%) | 30 (31%) | 1 (1%) | ||
| Myoclonic seizure | 22 | 7 (32%) | 9 (41%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Absence seizure | 10 | 2 (20%) | 3 (30%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Tonic seizure | 8 | 2 (25%) | 3 (38%) | 2 (25%) | ||
| Atonic seizure | 3 | 2 (67%) | 2 (67%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Focal seizure | 193 | 75 (39%) | n.s. | 100 (52%) | n.s. | 9 (5%) |
| Epileptic spasms | 52 | 27 (52%) | 0.012; 2.18 (1.20–3.93)* | 42 (81%) | 0.0000023; 4.92 (2.39–10.15)** | 1 (2%) |
| Unclassified seizure | 5 | 2 (40%) | n.s. | 4 (80%) | n.s. | 0 (0%) |
| Age at second unprovoked seizure | ||||||
| <12 months | 225 | 97 (43%) | 0.00040; 2.22 (1.43–3.44)** | 122 (54%) | 0.032; 1.57 (1.05–2.35)* | 10 (4%) |
| 12–24 months | 91 | 21 (23%) | 0.0057; 0.46 (0.27–0.79)# | 37 (41%) | n.s. | 2 (2%) |
| 24–36 months | 74 | 21 (28%) | n.s. | 34 (46%) | n.s. | 1 (1%) |
| SIMD quintile | ||||||
| 1 (highest deprivation) | 122 | 48 (39%) | n.s. | 61 (50%) | n.s. | 4 (3%) |
| 2 | 81 | 28 (34%) | n.s. | 40 (50%) | n.s. | 1 (1%) |
| 3 | 65 | 19 (30%) | n.s. | 30 (46%) | n.s. | 2 (3%) |
| 4 | 66 | 23 (35%) | n.s. | 28 (42%) | n.s. | 3 (5%) |
| 5 (lowest deprivation) | 56 | 21 (38%) | n.s. | 34 (61%) | n.s. | 3 (5%) |
| Aetiological classification | ||||||
| Genetic (only) | 100 | 54 (54%) | 0.000012; 2.83 (1.77–4.52)** | 59 (59%) | 0.028; 1.68 (1.06–2.66)* | 2 (2%) |
| Genetic-structural | 27 | 14 (52%) | n.s. | 24 (89%) | 0.000013; 9.18 (2.72–31.04)** | 3 (10%) |
| Genetic-metabolic | 4 | 3 (75%) | n.s. | 4 (100%) | n.s. | 4 (100%) |
| Genetic-metabolic-structural | 2 | 2 (100%) | n.s. | 1 (50%) | n.s. | 1 (50%) |
| Structural (only) | 71 | 37 (52%) | 0.0017; 2.32 (1.37–3.90)* | 53 (75%) | 0.0000030; 3.76 (2.11–6.71)** | 1 (1%) |
| Structural-metabolic | 3 | 1 (33%) | n.s. | 1 (33%) | n.s. | 0 (0%) |
| Structural-infectious | 2 | 2 (100%) | n.s. | 2 (100%) | n.s. | 0 (0%) |
| Metabolic only | 1 | 0 (0%) | n.s. | 0 (0%) | n.s. | 0 (0%) |
| Structural-immune | 1 | 1 (100%) | n.s. | 1 (100%) | n.s. | 0 (0%) |
| Unknown | 179 | 25 (14%) | 7.07 × 10−17; 0.14 (0.084–0.23)## | 48 (27%) | 7.96 × 10−17; 0.17 (0.11–0.26)## | 3 (2%) |
| Outcome by 24 months after presentation | ||||||
| DRE | 139 | 116 (83%) | 1.23 × 10−24; 11.40 (6.76–19.20)** | 10 (7%) | ||
| GDD | 193 | 116 (60%) | 1.23 × 10−24; 11.40 (6.76–19.20)** | 13 (7%) | ||
| Total | 390 | 139 (36%) | 193 (49%) | 13 (3%) | ||
Probabilities based on Fisher’s Exact probability test (two-tailed). n.s. = not significant.
*
Positive association, significant using a P-value < 0.05.
**
Positive association, significant using a P-value of <0.001 (corrected for multiple testing × 50).
#Negative association, significant using a P-value < 0.05.
##Negative association, significant using a P-value of <0.001 (corrected for multiple testing × 50).