Fig. 1.

Demographic history of Eurasian pigs inferred using autosomal SNP data. (A) Geographical locations of Eurasian pigs analyzed in this study. EP, European pigs including Creole (Cr), Duroc (DU), Iberian (Ib), Large White (LW), Mangalica (MG), Landrace (LR), Pietrain (PT), and wild boars (EUW); ECDP, East Chinese domestic pigs including Erhualian and Jinhua; WCDP, West Chinese domestic pigs including Baoshan (BS), Neijiang (NJ), and Tibetan pigs in Yunnan (YNT) and Sichuan provinces (SCT); SCDP, South Chinese domestic pigs including Bamaxiang (BMX), Luchuan (LUC), and Wuzhishan (WZS); NCDP, North Chinese domestic pigs including Bamei (BAM), Hetao (HT), Laiwu (LWU), and Min (MIN); CWB, Chinese wild boars (CWB). (B) Neighbor joining phylogenic tree of all sequenced pigs. SWB, Sumatran wild boars. Sus celebensis (Celebes wild boar), Sus verrucosus (Java warty pig), and P. africanus (African warthog) were used as outgroups. (C) Principal component (PC) analysis plots based on the first two PCs. (D) ADMIXTURE analysis with K = 2–6. The optimal K value with the lowest cross-validation (CV) error was 6 in ADMIXTURE analyses (supplementary fig. S8, Supplementary Material online). Colors in each column represent ancestry proportion. (E) Relationships among Eurasian pigs inferred using TreeMix. Full names of the pig breeds are detailed in supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online.