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. 2021 Oct 30;19:352. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01098-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Cellular uptake and effects of AINs in L-ADSCs. A Schematic representation of the functionality-restoring effects of AINs. B TEM images of L-ADSCs after treatment with AINs for 12 h (N: nucleus, red arrow: intracellular AINs). C Mass detection of iron in L-ADSCs with or without AIN treatment as quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES; n = 4). D Mass detection of iron ions in CM harvested from L-ADSCs at passage 15 without AIN treatment (15 N-CM) and from L-ADSCs at passage 15 with AIN treatment (15 A-CM) as quantified by ICP-OES (n = 4). E Heat map image of the expression levels of senescence-related and stemness-related genes. F Relative mRNA expression of the senescence-related genes P21, P53, and P16 in L-ADSCs with or without AINs treatment (n = 4). G Relative mRNA expression of the stemness-related genes NANOG, OCT4, KLF4, and SOX2 in L-ADSCs with or without AIN treatment (n = 4). H Relative mRNA expression of chondrogenesis-related and adipogenesis-related genes in L-ADSCs with or without AIN treatment (n = 4). (^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001 versus each group)