Table 2.

Descriptive characteristics of women utilizing maternal healthcare by urban–rural status

	Antenatal		Delivery place		Health professional gave delivery care
	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural
Maternal age group	(155.74)	(43.26)	(88.01)	(449.85)	(75.17)	(315.38)
15–19	5.4	7.3	6.6	8.2	6.7	8.1
20–24	22.3	23.1	22.9	24.2	23.0	23.6
25–29	28.5	25.4	27.6	24.5	27.5	24.7
30–34	22.0	20.0	21.2	19.7	21.1	19.6
35+	21.8	24.2	21.7	23.5	21.8	23.9
Maternal age at first marriage	(761.79)	(885.80)	(1694.82)	(5324.80)	(1063.46)	(3579.47)
Never married	10.7	7.1	11.3	7.6	11.1	6.9
< 18	29.3	43.9	31.4	43.0	32.8	45.6
18–24	45.0	42.0	44.9	42.8	44.3	41.4
25+	14.9	7.0	12.3	6.5	11.9	6.1
Number children ever born	(665.69)	(636.00)	(1900.39)	(1268.34)	(2713.18)
1	29.2	21.1	27.5	22.5	26.7	20.9
2	24.0	18.6	23.1	18.5	22.8	17.9
3	17.4	16.1	17.3	15.5	17.2	15.5
4	11.4	13.0	12.1	12.7	12.2	12.8
5+	17.9	31.2	20.0	30.9	21.1	33.0
Wanted pregnancy	(156.11)	(16.20)	(112.70)	(177.58)	(1923.60)
Then	73.8	73.8	70.1	69.8	70.1	71.1
Later	20.8	19.9	23.4	22.9	23.3	21.8
No more	5.4	6.3	6.5	7.3	6.5	7.1
Current method of family planning	(260.44)	(1404.73)	(1891.19)	(7897.62)	(1452.98)	(5774.34)
None	58.8	65.6	59.2	64.8	60.5	67.6
Modern	35.8	31.4	35.8	31.7	34.7	29.2
Traditional	4.9	2.5	4.5	3.1	4.3	2.8
Others	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Child's birth order	(698.52)	(689.13)	(2062.46)	(4447.23)	(1366.42)	(2865.13)
First	29.2	21.1	27.5	22.5	26.7	20.9
Second	24.0	18.6	23.1	18.5	22.8	17.9
Third	17.4	16.1	17.3	15.5	17.2	15.5
Fourth	11.4	13.0	12.1	12.7	12.2	12.8
Fifth	7.2	10.2	7.8	10.0	8.0	10.3
Higher	10.7	21.0	12.2	20.9	13.1	22.6
Length of preceding birth	(518.19)	(758.19)	(1518.38)	(4326.72)	(964.93)	(2671.16)
First birth	29.2	21.1	27.5	22.5	26.7	20.9
< 24 months	9.5	11.0	10.7	11.2	11.2	12.4
24–59 months	43.2	54.1	44.4	53.1	45.2	54.1
60+ months	18.1	13.8	17.4	13.3	17.0	12.6
Religion	(43.58)	(1212.86)	(1248.58)	(9316.70)	(1190.36)	(7567.68)
Muslim	27.8	24.3	26.0	21.6	26.7	24.4
Christian	62.2	65.7	62.8	67.8	62.2	64.9
Others	10.0	10.0	11.2	10.6	11.1	10.6
Woman's current marital status	(12.68)	(113.78)	(111.24)	(1367.92)	(45.45)	(703.64)
Never married	10.7	7.1	11.3	7.6	11.1	6.9
Married or living together	81.4	85.7	80.5	84.6	80.7	85.7
Formerly in union	7.9	7.2	8.2	7.7	8.3	7.4
Marital or cohabitation duration	(260.28)	(363.89)	(778.98)	(3228.56)	(549.64)	(2096.15)
Never married	10.7	7.1	11.3	7.6	11.1	6.9
0 to 4	26.9	22.0	25.6	22.9	25.1	21.8
5 to 9	26.6	24.6	25.8	24.4	25.8	24.5
10 to 14	17.4	19.6	17.7	19.0	17.9	19.6
15+	18.4	26.7	19.5	26.0	20.1	27.1
Sex of household head	(8.63)	(83.99)	(30.78)	(816.25)	(4.09)	(328.84)
Male	74.6	79.0	74.9	78.2	75.2	79.5
Female	25.4	21.0	25.1	21.8	24.8	20.5
Age of husband/partner	(126.10)	(102.8)	(165.41)	(2234.46)	(187.22)	(1771.45)
15–24	4.9	7.6	6.0	8.9	6.1	8.4
25–29	17.7	18.5	18.5	19.7	18.5	19.1
30–34	23.7	21.1	22.9	21.0	22.7	20.7
35+	53.8	52.8	52.6	50.4	52.8	51.8
Partner's educational level	(1126.33)	(1604.19)	(2976.98)	(11,536.30)	(2303.29)	(8857.36)
No education	16.5	32.0	16.6	28.5	17.6	31.9
Primary	20.1	35.9	22.8	39.8	23.2	38.5
Secondary	44.8	27.9	45.4	27.8	44.8	26.1
Higher	18.6	4.3	15.1	3.8	14.4	3.5
Number of other wives	(111.38)	(404.55)	(840.49)	(3491.84)	(488.97)	(2670.86)
Never married	10.7	7.1	11.3	7.6	11.1	6.9
No other wives	77.7	73.9	76.9	74.4	76.5	73.9
Husband has other wives	11.5	19.0	11.7	17.9	12.4	19.2
Type of toilet facility	(1173.38)	(764.54)	(1849.67)	(9169.66)	(1190.89)	(3463.61)
No facility	9.4	31.9	9.4	26.4	10.4	31.5
Flush toilet	37.8	5.3	31.9	4.4	31.3	4.0
Pit toilet latrine	51.1	61.8	56.9	68.4	56.5	63.6
Others	1.6	0.9	1.8	0.8	1.8	0.8
The primary source of drinking water	(653.98)	(550.26)	(2909.73)	(2331.64)	(2133.14)	(1512.59)
Piped water	62.2	21.0	61.9	20.9	60.3	19.5
Well water	23.9	50.8	24.5	50.2	25.7	51.4
Surface water	5.4	26.0	6.7	26.9	7.1	27.3
Other sources	8.5	2.1	6.9	2.0	6.9	1.9
Woman's Highest educational level	(1354.01)	(2050.50)	(4380.38)	(15,386.76)	(3522.65)	(12,317.41)
No education	19.2	37.0	19.4	33.2	20.6	36.8
Primary	25.3	39.4	28.4	43.3	29.1	42.0
Secondary	43.5	21.5	42.9	21.6	41.6	19.6
Higher	11.9	2.1	9.2	1.9	8.7	1.7
Currently working	(49.09)	(177.76)	(70.63)	(1704.62)	(10.50)	(723.42)
No	36.7	33.0	37.8	31.8	38.3	33.9
Yes	63.3	67.0	62.2	68.2	61.7	66.1
Household wealth index	(745.27)	(612.77)	(5318.88)	(5788.88)	(5889.99)	(8922.42)
Poor	11.5	56.0	12.1	52.4	13.1	52.7
Middle	10.0	17.2	10.1	19.6	10.2	19.3
Rich	78.5	26.8	77.8	27.9	76.7	28.0
Media Exposure	(837.52)	(1202.37)	(2027.92)	(4245.84)	(1450.63)	(2248.54)
Unexposed	25.4	55.6	28.9	56.7	30.2	59.6
Exposed	74.6	44.4	71.1	43.3	69.8	40.4
Final say on woman's health care	(85.96)	(710.59)	(636.74)	(4133.76)	(734.67)	(4534.15)
Woman alone	15.5	13.9	15.4	13.8	15.4	13.7
Woman and husband/partner	49.8	47.3	49.5	48.0	49.2	47.0
Husband/partner	34.3	38.1	34.5	37.5	34.9	38.7
Someone else	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.6

Figures in parentheses are Chi-square values; all values were significant at p < 0.1 level of significance