Table 2.
The difference in mean outcome between baseline and follow-up (intervention sample only)
| Baseline | Follow-up | Unadjusteda | Adjustedb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | mean (SD) | n | mean (SD) | Difference in mean (95% CI) | p | Difference in mean (95% CI) | p | |
| Proportion meeting UK physical activity guidelines % (n/N) | 1037 | 68% (703/1037) | 968 | 61% (592/968) | 0.75 (0.62,0.90)c | 0.002 | 0.65 (0.52,0.82) c | < 0.001 |
| Minutes of total physical activity per day | 1037 | 89.9 (125.8) | 968 | 72.6 (102.7) | −16.5 (−26.5,-6.5) | 0.001 | −16.0 (− 26.0,-6.0) | 0.002 |
| Minutes of physical activity excluding work per day | 1037 | 44.2 (55.1) | 968 | 39.8 (50.3) | −4.5 (−9.1,0.1) | 0.058 | −6.0 (−10.6,-1.3) | 0.012 |
| Minutes of work physical activity per day | 1037 | 45.7 (104.2) | 968 | 32.8 (81.7) | −12.1 (−20.3,-3.9) | 0.004 | −10.4 (− 18.7,-2.0) | 0.015 |
| Mental wellbeing (WEMWBS)d | 1035 | 50.6 (8.7) | 968 | 51.2 (9.4) | 0.6 (− 0.2,1.3) | 0.166 | − 0.3 (−1.0,0.4) | 0.438 |
| Quality of life (EQ5D)e | 1037 | 73.3 (20.1) | 968 | 63.2 (30.9) | −10.0 (− 12.2,-7.8) | < 0.001 | −11.1 (− 13.2,-9.0) | < 0.001 |
| Social capitalfa,b | ||||||||
| Local area trust | 1032 | 3.4 (0.5) | 968 | 3.5 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.1,0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.1 (0.1,0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Social networks | 1037 | 4.0 (0.6) | 968 | 3.9 (0.6) | −0.1 (− 0.2,− 0.1) | < 0.001 | -0.1 (− 0.1,-0.0) | 0.001 |
| Perception of environmentg | ||||||||
| Attractive | 1037 | 3.6 (0.8) | 960 | 3.9 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.2,0.3) | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.2,0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Traffic | 1037 | 2.7 (0.7) | 946 | 2.9 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.1,0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.2 (0.1,0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Amenities | 1037 | 3.8 (0.6) | 877 | 3.8 (0.6) | 0.0 (−0.0,0.1) | 0.111 | 0.1 (0.0,0.1) | 0.04 |
| Safety | 1037 | 3.5 (0.8) | 921 | 3.7 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.1,0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.2 (0.1,0.3) | < 0.001 |
CI Confidence intervals, EQ5D EuroQol 5 dimensions, SD Standard deviation, WEMWBS Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale
aMultilevel model with super output area as random intercept in unadjusted and adjusted models
bAdjusted for age, gender, season, education (degree, A-level, GCSE, apprenticeship, none), car ownership (none,1 or more in household), deprivation (quintiles), marital status (married, single, divorced or widowed or separated), accommodation (owner, mortgage, rented/other), limiting long term illness (yes/no), general health (fitted as a trend across 6 categories: excellent to very poor), employed(yes, no) and weekly household income (<£230, £231 to £580, >£581)
cOdds ratio calculated using multilevel logistic regression model with super output area as random intercept. Adjusted models contain same variables as in b
d Scale 14–70 with higher scores indicating greater mental wellbeing
e Scale 0–100 with higher scores indicating better health
fa 1 = very big problem to 4 = not a problem at all; fb 1 = never and 4 = most days
g 1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree