Table 3.
Effect of calcium-ammonium nitrate and bismuth subsalicylate on in vitro fermentation parameters (Exp.1)
| Item | Treatments1 | SEM2 | P-value3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTL | CAN | CTLB | CANB | NPNS | BSS | BSS × NPNS | ||
| TGP4, mL/g incubated OM | 159a | 220b | 223b | 221b | 32.6 | 0.029 | 0.016 | 0.005 |
| IVOMD, % | 70.4 | 72.5 | 66.1 | 70.5 | 5.20 | 0.230 | 0.241 | 0.661 |
| pH | 5.95 | 5.95 | 5.95 | 5.97 | 0.118 | 0.754 | 0.624 | 0.788 |
| CH4, mmol/g incubated OM | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.082 | 0.477 | 0.644 | 0.753 |
| NH3-N, mM | 5.31 | 5.86 | 5.39 | 6.25 | 0.968 | 0.092 | 0.551 | 0.687 |
| H2S, µmol/g fermented OM | 3.76 | 6.47 | 5.67 | 3.99 | 1.085 | 0.617 | 0.781 | 0.055 |
| VFA, mol/100 mol | ||||||||
| Acetate | 50.50 | 53.47 | 52.12 | 53.26 | 3.278 | 0.052 | 0.464 | 0.346 |
| Propionate | 29.48 | 30.03 | 30.98 | 30.29 | 5.330 | 0.908 | 0.179 | 0.326 |
| Butyrate | 13.88 | 10.48 | 10.88 | 10.44 | 2.572 | 0.215 | 0.317 | 0.331 |
| BCVFA5 | 2.83 | 3.20 | 3.17 | 3.19 | 0.708 | 0.318 | 0.401 | 0.372 |
| Valerate | 2.37 | 2.44 | 2.47 | 2.42 | 0.904 | 0.762 | 0.292 | 0.178 |
| Total VFA | 115.7 | 125.9 | 120.2 | 125.5 | 8.31 | 0.293 | 0.773 | 0.728 |
| A:P | 1.91 | 2.02 | 1.89 | 1.99 | 0.451 | 0.003 | 0.456 | 0.758 |
1CTL, Control (Urea at 0.74%); CAN, Nitrate (CAN at 2.22%); CTLB, Urea-Bismuth (Urea at 0.74% and BSS at 0.33%); CANB, Nitrate-Bismuth (CAN at 2.22% and BSS at 0.33%).
2n = 4 experimental units/treatment mean.
3NPNS, Effect of non-protein nitrogen source; BSS, Effect of BSS; BSSS × NPNS, Interaction between BSS and NPNS;
4TGP after 24 h.
5BCVFA, Branched-chain volatile fatty acids: isobutyrate + isovalerate + 2 methylbutyrate.