Table 1.

2-AG and AEA level fluctuations in hypothalamus or whole brain

Experimental approach	Species	Experimental model	Whole brain		Hypothalamus		Refs.
			2-AG	AEA	2-AG	AEA
Hormones
Leptin	Rat	Lean rat (ICV)	–	–	↓	↓	[57]
	Mouse	Ob/ob mice (IV)	ns	ns	↑	↑	[57]
	Mouse	Lean mice (IP)	–	–	ns	↓	[58]
	Mouse	Obese DIO mice (IP)	–	–	ns	ns	[58]
	Mouse	Lean mice (ICV)	–	–	↑	↑	[59]
Ghrelin	Mice	IP (1 h)	–	–	↑	↑	[75]
Insulin	Rat	Fasting (overnight), intra-mediobasal hypothalamus infusion (2 h)	–	–	ns (a)	ns (a)	[73]
Dietary-based approach
Fasting	Rat	Food deprivation for 24 h	–	–	↑	ns	[80]
	Mouse	Food deprivation for 24 h	↑	ns	–	–	[83]
	Mouse	Food deprivation for 24 h	–	–	ns	↑	[84]
Diet restriction	Mouse	Food restriction diet for 12 days. Restricted diets to 60% (57 kcal/week), 50% (47.5 kcal/week) or 40% (38 kcal/week) compared non-restricted diet (95 kcal/week) Note: 2-AG reduction also observed in hippocampus, but the effect was independent on the % of caloric restriction	–	–	↓	–	[83]
HFD	Mouse	ICR mice. 60% kcal from fat for 3–7 days Note: Pre-conditioning test results	–	–	ns	–	[85]
	Mouse	ICR mice. 60% kcal from fat for 14–42 days Note: Pre-conditioning test results	–	–	↑	–	[85]
	Mouse	C57BL/6 N. 45% kcal from fat for 10 days Note: Results after a conditioning test for 10 days	–	–	↑	–	[87]
	Mouse	C57BL/6 J. 60% kcal from fat for 7–28 days	–	–	↑	↑	[59]
	Mouse	C57BL/6 J. 60% kcal from fat for 60 days	–	–	↓	↓	[59]
	Mouse	C57BL/6 J. 60% kcal from fat for 90 days	–	–	↓	ns	[59]
	Mouse	C57BL/6 J. 49% kcal from fat for 16 weeks	–	–	↑ (b)	ns	[88]
	Mouse	C57BL/6 J. 60% kcal from fat for 19 weeks	–	–	ns	ns	[58]
	Mouse	C57BL/6 J. 60% kcal from fat enriched in linoleic acid for 14 weeks	↑	–	–	–	[92]
	Rat	Wistar rat. 60% kcal from fat for 24 weeks	–	–	↑	ns	[89]
Genetic model of obesity
	Mouse	ob/ob	–	–	ns	↑	[57]
	Mouse	ob/ob	–	–	↑ (b)	ns	[88]
	Mouse	ob/ob	–	–	↑	↑	[58]
	Mouse	db/db	–	–	↑	↑	[57]
	Rat	Zucker-fatty	–	–	↑	ns	[57]
Drugs
DAGL inhibitor	Mouse	IP administration in mice fed a HFD	–	–	↓	–	[87]

HFD high fat diet, ICV intracerebroventricular, IP intraperitoneal, IV intravenous, LH lateral hypothalamus, ns no significant changes appreciated. A dash (–) means no data available

(a) Levels measured in the region of the mediobasal hypothalamus

(b) Levels measured in the region of the lateral hypothalamus (LH)