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Effects of 60Co-γ irradiation on (a) hatching rate (%) of eggs; (b) mortality rate (%) at the larval, pupal and adult stages; (c) development time duration of the larval, pupal and adult stages; and (d) F1 fecundity. The values are presented as the mean ± SD. Treatments were compared using two-way ANOVA (Tukey’s test, P < 0.05) with a 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence interval). The symbol (**) represents P < 0.05, (ns) non-significance.
