Table 3.
Multilevel Regression Models for Young Adult Children’s Daily Positive Mood
| Variables | Positive mood by advice from fathers | Positive mood by advice from mothers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
| B | (SE) | B | (SE) | B | (SE) | B | (SE) | |
| Fixed effects | ||||||||
| Intercept | 1.86*** | (0.12) | 1.87*** | (0.12) | 2.00*** | (0.12) | 2.03*** | (0.13) |
| Received advicea | 0.05 | (0.05) | — | — | 0.09* | (0.04) | — | — |
| Perceived unwanted adviceb | — | — | −0.07 | (0.09) | — | — | −0.07 | (0.08) |
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Prior day: Received advicea | 0.01 | (0.04) | — | — | −0.02 | (0.04) | — | — |
| Prior day: Perceived unwanted adviceb | — | — | 0.13 | (0.10) | — | — | 0.05 | (0.07) |
| Prior day: Positive moodc | 0.40*** | (0.03) | 0.40*** | (0.03) | 0.35*** | (0.03) | 0.35*** | (0.03) |
| Life problemsd | −0.16** | (0.06) | −0.17** | (0.06) | −0.15* | (0.06) | −0.15* | (0.06) |
| Positive relationship qualitye | 0.06 | (0.03) | 0.07* | (0.03) | 0.04 | (0.05) | 0.05 | (0.05) |
| Negative relationship qualitye | 0.05 | (0.03) | 0.05 | (0.03) | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.00 | (0.03) |
| Age | −0.01 | (0.01) | −0.01 | (0.01) | −0.01 | (0.01) | −0.01 | (0.01) |
| Female | 0.11 | (0.06) | 0.10 | (0.06) | 0.09 | (0.06) | 0.08 | (0.06) |
| Years of education | 0.00 | (0.02) | 0.00 | (0.02) | 0.00 | (0.02) | 0.00 | (0.02) |
| Working | 0.09 | (0.06) | 0.09 | (0.06) | 0.07 | (0.07) | 0.08 | (0.07) |
| Married or remarried | 0.04 | (0.08) | 0.03 | (0.08) | 0.01 | (0.09) | 0.01 | (0.09) |
| Random effects | ||||||||
| Intercept VAR (Level 2: participant) | 0.07** | (0.02) | 0.06** | (0.02) | 0.08** | (0.02) | 0.09*** | (0.02) |
| Residual VAR | 0.19*** | (0.01) | 0.19*** | (0.01) | 0.18*** | (0.01) | 0.18*** | (0.01) |
| −2 Log-likelihood | 1,110.1 | 1,105.7 | 1,110.5 | 1,111.6 |
Note: Participant (adult offspring) N = 152; participant-father n = 149 (participant-day n = 772); participant-mother n = 150 (participant-day n = 781). VAR = variance.
a1 = Received any advice on that day and 0 = did not receive.
b1 = Perceived unwanted advice on that day and 0 = did not perceive.
c Mean scores of six items rated 1 = none of the day to 5 = all of the day.
d1 = Having at least one life problem and 0 = not having life problems.
eMean scores of two items rated 1 = not at all to 5 = a great deal.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.