Table 4.
Multilevel Regression Models for Young Adult Children’s Daily Negative Mood
| Variables | Negative mood by advice from fathers | Negative mood by advice from mothers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
| B | (SE) | B | (SE) | B | (SE) | B | (SE) | |
| Fixed effects | ||||||||
| Intercept | 0.71*** | (0.06) | 0.71*** | (0.06) | 0.75*** | (0.06) | 0.74*** | (0.06) |
| Received advicea | 0.00 | (0.03) | — | — | −0.01 | (0.03) | — | — |
| Perceived unwanted adviceb | — | — | 0.18** | (0.07) | — | — | 0.13* | (0.06) |
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Prior day: Received advicea | 0.02 | (0.03) | — | — | 0.01 | (0.03) | — | — |
| Prior day: Perceived unwanted adviceb | — | — | −0.01 | (0.07) | — | — | −0.03 | (0.05) |
| Prior day: Negative moodc | 0.41*** | (0.03) | 0.41*** | (0.03) | 0.41*** | (0.03) | 0.42*** | (0.03) |
| Life problemsd | 0.02 | (0.04) | 0.02 | (0.04) | 0.02 | (0.04) | 0.02 | (0.04) |
| Positive relationship qualitye | −0.03 | (0.02) | −0.03 | (0.02) | −0.01 | (0.03) | −0.01 | (0.03) |
| Negative relationship qualitye | 0.04 | (0.02) | 0.03 | (0.02) | 0.03 | (0.02) | 0.02 | (0.02) |
| Age | 0.00 | (0.01) | 0.00 | (0.01) | 0.00 | (0.01) | 0.00 | (0.01) |
| Female | 0.02 | (0.04) | 0.02 | (0.04) | 0.00 | (0.04) | 0.00 | (0.04) |
| Years of education | 0.01 | (0.01) | 0.01 | (0.01) | 0.01 | (0.01) | 0.01 | (0.01) |
| Working | 0.06 | (0.04) | 0.06 | (0.04) | 0.04 | (0.04) | 0.03 | (0.04) |
| Married or remarried | −0.05 | (0.05) | −0.05 | (0.05) | −0.04 | (0.05) | −0.04 | (0.05) |
| Random effects | ||||||||
| Intercept VAR (Level 2: participant) | 0.03** | (0.01) | 0.03** | (0.01) | 0.03** | (0.01) | 0.03** | (0.01) |
| Residual VAR | 0.10*** | (0.01) | 0.10*** | (0.01) | 0.10*** | (0.01) | 0.10*** | (0.01) |
| −2 Log-likelihood | 571.7 | 561.8 | 575.2 | 567.2 |
Note: Participant (adult offspring) N = 152; participant-father n = 149 (participant-day n = 772); participant-mother n = 150 (participant-day n = 781). VAR = variance.
a1 = Received any advice on that day and 0 = did not receive.
b1 = Perceived unwanted advice on that day and 0 = did not perceive.
c Mean scores of nine items rated 1 = none of the day to 5 = all of the day.
d1 = Having at least one life problem and 0 = not having life problems.
e Mean scores of two items rated 1 = not at all to 5 = a great deal.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.