. 2021 Sep 8;9(2):e00105-21. doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00105-21

TABLE 3.

Effects of inulin addition on rumen fermentation in dairy cows with SCM

Item^a	Group (n = 6)^a					SEM^a	P value
Item^a	Con	I-1	I-2	I-3	I-4	SEM^a	P value
pH	6.76	6.77	6.64	6.69	6.67	0.019	0.083
NH₃-N, mg/dl	10.5^a	9.41^b	9.13^b	8.93^bc	9.13^b	0.096	<0.01
RUN, mmol/liter	2.73	2.62	2.40	2.42	2.50	0.073	0.055
LA, mmol/liter	1.33^c	1.37^c	1.54^a	1.57^a	1.48^b	0.023	0.037
Acetate, mmol/liter	71.4	70.8	72.6	73.1	72.3	0.35	0.115
Propionate, mmol/liter	20.1^c	20.9^c	22.8^b	23.2^a	22.3^b	0.19	0.021
A/P	3.55^a	3.39^b	3.18^c	3.15^c	3.24^b	0.029	0.041
Butyrate, mmol/liter	10.4^c	12.6^c	13.5^b	14.2^a	13.1^b	0.20	0.034
Isobutyrate, mmol/liter	0.68	0.71	0.75	0.73	0.74	0.012	0.084
Valerate, mmol/liter	1.39	1.34	1.43	1.46	1.46	0.023	0.311
Isovalerate, mmol/liter	1.38	1.31	1.39	1.44	1.4	0.022	0.164
TVFA, mmol/liter	105^c	108^c	112^b	114^a	111^b	0.54	0.041

RUN, rumen urea nitrogen; LA, lactic acid; A/P, the ratio of acetate to propionate; TVFA, total volatile fatty acids; SEM, standard error of the mean; Con, control group; I-1, inulin-1 group with an inulin addition level of 100 g/day per cow; I-2, inulin-2 group with an inulin addition level of 200 g/day per cow; I-3, inulin-3 group with an inulin addition level of 300 g/day per cow; I-4, inulin-4 group with an inulin addition level of 400 g/day per cow; ^{a, b, c}, within a row, different letters differed significantly (P < 0.05).