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. 2021 Sep 8;9(2):e00105-21. doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00105-21

TABLE 5.

Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of significantly differentially abundant rumen metabolites among control and inulin groups

Metabolitea KEGG pathway P value FDRa
Upregulated in inulin treatment groups
 d-Fructose Carbohydrate digestion and absorption 0.0001 0.020
Fructose and mannose metabolism 0.005 0.045
ABC transporters 0.003 0.046
Galactose metabolism 0.002 0.023
 Melibiose Galactose metabolism 0.005 0.005
ABC transporters 0.013 0.048
 N-Acetyllactosamine Galactose metabolism 0.007 0.039
 DHAP(10:0) Glycolytic pathway 0.003 0.042
 l-Glutamate Protein digestion and absorption 0.0004 0.013
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis 0.0017 0.017
Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism 0.005 0.036
Glutathione metabolism 0.014 0.048
d-Glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism 0.003 0.024
 l-Tyrosine Prolactin signaling pathway 0.002 0.043
Thiamine metabolism 0.002 0.030
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis 0.002 0.038
Tyrosine metabolism 0.013 0.035
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis 0.002 0.017
Protein digestion and absorption 0.000 <0.001
Phenylalanine metabolism 0.000 <0.001
 Benzoic acid Phenylalanine metabolism 0.000 <0.001
 (±)-Enterolactone – 0.008 0.048
Downregulated in inulin treatment groups
 Cer(d18:0/15:0) Sphingolipid metabolism 0.001 0.035
 Cer(d18:0/13:0) Sphingolipid metabolism 0.004 0.042
 12-Oxo-20-trihydroxy-leukotriene B4 Arachidonic acid metabolism 0.006 0.036
 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2 Arachidonic acid metabolism 0.003 0.042
 LysoPC(18:1[11Z]) Choline metabolism in cancer 0.002 0.019
Glycerophospholipid metabolism 0.014 0.036
 LysoPC(18:0) Choline metabolism in cancer 0.002 0.017
Glycerophospholipid metabolism 0.002 0.038
 9,12,13-TriHOME Linoleic acid metabolism 0.002 0.017
 Valyl-isoleucine Amino acid/peptide hydrolysis 0.014 0.036
 Phenylalanyl-lysine Amino acid/peptide hydrolysis 0.012 0.035
a

DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; PC, phosphatidyl choline; Cer, ceramide; LysoPC, lysophosphatidycholine; ABC transporters, ATP binding cassette transporters; FDR, false-discovery rate; –, unannotated KEGG pathway.