Table 10.

Summary of reported patients, who developed an acute muscular disorder following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2

Reference	Neurological complication	Country	Age/sex	Vaccine type	Duration after vaccination	Clinical features	Neuroimaging	Treatment	Outcome
Tan et al. [143]	Rhabdomyolysis in a patient with Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency	UK	27/M	COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca	5 h	Fever, vomiting, shortness of breath, frank hematuria, and myalgia CK concentration of 105,000 U/L and deranged liver function tests (ALT 300 U/L and AST 1496 U/L)	None	Continuous intravenous dextrose 10% and a high carbohydrate diet	Improved
Mack et al. [144]	Rhabdomyolysis	USA	80/M	Second dose of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine	2 days	Generalized body aches, nausea, and vomiting elevated CK	None	IV fluids	Improved
Nassar et al. [145]	Rhabdomyolysis	USA	21/M	First Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine	1 day	Severe back pain with radiation to his left lateral thigh Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) level more than 22,000 U/L	Normal	IV fluids	Improved
Theodorou et al. [146]	Myositis	Greece	56/F	Modified mRNA COVID-19 vaccine	8 days after second dose	There was tenderness over the deltoid muscle, guarding, and decreased abduction of the shoulder and arm along with elevated CPK	On MRI, the deltoid muscle was edematous. On contrast enhancement, muscle exhibited enhancement indicating inflammation	Symptomatic	Improved
Godoy et al. [147]	Myositis ossificans	Brazil	51/M		3 months	Right upper arm pain, soreness and palpable mass	Intramuscular nodule n the proximal fibers of the brachii muscle with perilesional muscle edema One week later, CT showed a hypoattenuating intramuscular nodule with internal calcifications	NSAIDs	Improved