Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of risk factors associated with the development of AKI

Variable	Unadjusted OR	95% CI	p value	AdjustedaOR	95% CI	p value
Age	1.01	1.01–1.02	0.0002	1.00	1.03–1.05	0.4483
Male sex	1.41	1.11–1.79	0.0038	1.45	1.12–1.8	0.0055
Race: White ethnicity	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Black	1.54	1.18–2.02	0.0016	1.76	0.66–1.20	0.0009
Asian	0.85	0.54–1.32	0.4701	1.05	0.57–1.38	0.8584
Mixed/Other	0.99	0.60–1.59	0.9649	1.21	0.6701.85	0.4904
Unknown	1.23	0.81–1.85	0.3313	1.56	0.52–1.35	0.0615
CKD	3.52	2.69–4.63	< 0.001	3.05	1.11–1.82	0.0000
Hypertension	2.64	2.08–3.35	< 0.001	1.66	0.68–1.11	0.0010
Diabetes	1.84	1.44–2.34	< 0.001	1.20	0.78–1.26	0.2028
CVD	1.53	1.20–1.95	0.0006	1.10	0.82–1.48	0.5145
Lung disease	1.02	0.78–1.32	0.8958	n/a	n/a
Malignancy	1.11	0.82–1.50	0.4998	n/a	n/a
ACEi/ARB use	2.00	1.55–2.58	< 0.001	1.26	0.93–1.71	0.1309
Inpatient diuretic use	2.09	1.54–2.84	< 0.001	1.79	1.27–2.53	0.0009
Neutrophil: Lymphocyte ratio	1.03	1.02–1.05	< 0.001	1.00	0.99–1.02	0.0332
Haemoglobin	1.00	0.99–1.0	0,1657	n/a	n/a
Albumin	0.92	0.9–0.95	< 0.001	0.96	0.93–1.0	0.0299
CRP	1.00	1.0–1.01	< 0.001	1.00	1.00–1.00	0.0208

CKD Chronic Kidney Disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio

^aVariables were entered into the model when the a level of risk factor was less than 0.1

CKD was defined as baseline eGFR< 60 ml/min/1.73m²