TABLE 5. Literature review in subject of inflammatory markers changes after surgery.

Study	Year	Marker/s	Design	Outcome
Aono et al.1)	2007	CRP, WBC	Original article	WBC and CRP increased due to infection and CRP returned to normal level after 14 days in 48% of patients
Kunakornsawat et al.15)	2017	CRP, ESR	Original article	ESR and CRP increased due to infection and CRP and ESR returned to normal level after 14 and 28 days respectively
Kuhn et al.14)	2012	CRP, ESR	Original article	ESR and CRP increased due to infection and CRP and ESR returned to normal level after 1 months and even lower than zero time in some patients
Choi et al.3)	2014	CRP, ESR, WBC	Original article	ESR and CRP increased due to infection. CRP return to normal level after 7 days but ESR and WBC after 3 days
Kraft et al.13)	2011	CRP, WBC		ESR increased due to infection. and return to normal level after 14 days but WBC changes wasn't important
Sudprasert et al.24)	2015	CRP, ESR	Original article	ESR and CRP increased during 6 weeks after surgery
Wei et al.26)	2021	CRP, ESR, WBC	Original article	CRP, ESR, and WBC were significantly higher in the surgical site infection on 3 and 7 days after posterior lumbar spinal surgery
Noh et al.18)	2017	CRP, ESR	Original article	ESR and CRP increased due to infection and CRP and ESR returned to normal level after few days after surgeries. The average postoperative follow-up period was 16.2 months

CRP: C-reactive protein, WBC: white blood cell, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.