Table 4.

Performance comparison of our proposed model against other EA-based deep-learning models based on the Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test with confidence intervals of 95%.

GA-CNN	PSO–CNN	DE-CNN	GWO-CNN	MFO-CNN	SSA-CNN	OSSA-CNN	CSSA-CNN	BSSA-Softmax	BSSA-CEL	DON	ADOPT
9.646E-6	9.725E-5	7.545E-5	9.121E-6	4.412E-5	8.333E-5	4.509E-4	4.661E-4	5.408E-4	2.394E-5	5.661E-4	4.495E-4