Table 4.
Overview of evidence grading per determinant
| Domain | Determinants | Work participation outcome | Evidence | Nr. of studies | Ref. nr | Quality assessment | Scientific discipline | Disability type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Work accommodation | 1. Any accommodation | Continued employment | Strong + | 5 | [20–24] | High (n = 5) |
Economic (n = 4) Medical (n = 1) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 3) Cancer (n = 2) |
| Return to work | Strong + | 5 | [25–29] |
High (n = 4) Medium (n = 1) |
Economic (n = 2) Medical (n = 3) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 2) Cancer (n = 2) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) |
||
| Long-term disability | Moderate + | 3 | [21, 30, 31] | High (n = 3) |
Economic (n = 2) Medical (n = 1) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 2) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) |
||
| 2. Work change | Continued employment | Moderate + | 4 | [21–23, 32] | High (n = 4) |
Economic (n = 3) Medical (n = 1) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 2) Cancer (n = 1) Nervous (n = 1) |
|
| Return to work | Inconsistent | 3 | [28, 33, 35] | High (n = 3) |
Economic (n = 1) Medical (n = 2) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) Mental (n = 1) |
||
| 3. Employer change | Continued employment | Inconsistent | 1 | [22, 43] | High (n = 2) | Economic (n = 2) | Work-limiting health condition (n = 2) | |
| Long-term disability | Insufficient | 1 | [43] | High (n = 1) | Economic (n = 1) | Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) | ||
| 4. Time | Continued employment | Moderate + | 3 | [21–23] | High (n = 3) | Economic (n = 3) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 2) Cancer (n = 1) |
|
| Return to work | Strong + | 3 | [28, 33, 34] |
High (n = 2) Medium (n = 1) |
Medical (n = 2) Economic (n = 1) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) Cancer (n = 1) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) |
||
| 5. Workplace intervention | Return to work | Strong + | 6 | [26, 33, 35–38] |
High (n = 5) Medium (n = 1) |
Economic (n = 4) Medical (n = 2) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 4) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) Mental (n = 1) |
|
| Long-term disability | Insufficient | 1 | [35] | High (n = 1) | Medical (n = 1) | Mental (n = 1) | ||
| 6. Graded return to work | Continued employment | Insufficient | 1 | [42] | High (n = 1) | Economic (n = 1) | Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) | |
| Return to work | Weak + | 4 | [39–42] | High (n = 4) |
Economic (n = 3) Medical (n = 1) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 3) Mental (n = 1) |
||
| Long-term disability | Insufficient | 1 | [42] | High (n = 1) | Economic (n = 1) | Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) | ||
| 7. Professional assistance at work | Continued employment | Insufficient | 1 | [23] | High (n = 1) | Economic (n = 1) | Cancer (n = 1) | |
| Return to work | Insufficient | 1 | [27] | High (n = 1) | Medical (n = 1) | Musculoskeletal (n = 1) | ||
| 8. Professional assistance outside work | Continued employment | Insufficient | 1 | [23] | High (n = 1) | Economic (n = 1) | Cancer (n = 1) | |
| Return to work | Inconsistent | 3 | [26, 27, 40] |
High (n = 2) Medium (n = 1) |
Economic (n = 1) Medical (n = 2) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) Mental (n = 1) |
||
| 9. Equipment assistance | Continued employment | Weak + | 3 | [21–23] | High (n = 3) | Economic (n = 3) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 2) Cancer (n = 1) |
|
| Return to work | Strong + | 3 | [27, 28, 33] | High (n = 3) |
Economic (n = 1) Medical (n = 2) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) Musculoskeletal (n = 2) |
||
| 10. Employer provided health/ sick leave /disability insurance | Continued employment | Moderate + | 2 | [20, 69] | High (n = 2) | Medical (n = 2) | Cancer (n = 2) | |
| Social support | 11. Supervisor support | Continued employment | Weak + | 2 | [32, 45] | High (n = 2) | Medical (n = 2) |
Cancer (n = 1) Nervous (n = 1) |
| Return to work | Moderate + | 14 | [40, 44, 46–55] |
High (n = 8) Medium (n = 6) |
Medical (n = 14) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 3) Musculoskeletal (n = 2) Mental (n = 5) Diabetes (n = 3) Nervous (n = 1) Cancer (n=1) |
||
| Organizational culture | 12. Organizational culture | Return to work | Weak + | 5 | [52, 56–59] |
High (n = 2) Medium (n = 3) |
Medical (n = 5) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) Mental (n = 1) Circulatory (n = 1) Nervous (n = 1) |
| Company characteristics | 13. Company size | Continued employment/ | Inconsistent | 47 | [20, 22, 32, 60] | High (n = 4) |
Economic (n = 1) Medical (n = 3) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 2) Cancer (n = 1) Nervous (n = 1) |
| Return to work | Inconsistent | 12 | [34, 41, 47, 52, 59, 61–67] |
High (n = 9) Medium (n = 3) |
Economic (n = 2) Medical (n = 10) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 5) Musculoskeletal disorder (n = 1) Cancer (n = 2) Mental (n = 3) Nervous (n = 1) Circulatory (n=1) |
||
| Long-term disability | Insufficient | 1 | [30] | High (n = 1) | Medical (n = 1) | Musculoskeletal disorder (n = 1) | ||
| 14. Sector | Continued employment | Insufficient | 1 | [22] | High (n = 1) | Economic (n = 1) | Work-limiting health condition (n = 1) | |
| Return to work | Inconsistent | 9 | [37, 47, 59, 63–68] | High (n = 9) |
Economic (n = 2) Medical (n = 7) |
Work-limiting health condition (n = 5) Musculoskeletal (n = 1) Mental (n = 4) |